Competitive Analysis of Metro Holdings Ltd Essay -- Business Analysis

1.Introduction subway system Holdings Ltd is a multi-national company that operates two major business segments, namely Property Development and Investment, and Retail. This composing explores the retail arm of Metro, which manages three department stores and four specialty accessorize stores in Singapore, and another five department stores in Jakarta and Bandung, Indonesia.2.Competitive Environment of Metro LtdThe competitive environment of Metro Holdings Ltd would be evaluated based on Michael Porters 5 forces Model. The factors affecting each force would be critically analysed to forge the competition faced by the business. As the nature of department stores and specialty accessorize stores is vastly different, the report would focus on the analysis of department stores which accounts for a large portion of the companys income and presence in the industry.2.1Threat of New EntrantsThe threat of new entrants is relatively low in the department stores industry.Department stores do not manufacture products nor create their own brands of merchandise, their products are not differentiated. As a result, consumers have low switching costs, customer loyalty is low, as they potful easily purchase similar products elsewhere. These lower the barriers to entry, allowing new entrants a chance to gain customers. On the other hand, most factors prove otherwise. The retail industry does not have high Economies of Scale to be exploited in general . Yet, it is impossible to run department stores like Metro on a slender scale . A large retail space, inventory, and warehouse are necessary to host a specialized portfolio of brands and products to better attract both customers and suppliers. Heavy dandy requirements and operational expen... ...Michael Porters Five-Force Model. Able to make valid and clear conclusions about the competition faced by the business, based on the analysis.Demonstrate a clear understanding of the business and the actual environment it operates in. Works Cited https//www.metro.com.sg/storefront/ContentDetail/AboutUs3.asp?ContentId=458 http//digilander.libero.it/fschivardi/images/schivardiviviano.pdf Charles A. Ingene, Scale Economies in American Retailing A Cross-Industry Comparison Engle, J., How to Open & live on a Financially Successful Retail Business http//secure-online-purchasing.suite101.com/article.cfm/the_growth_of_internet_shopping http//www.streetdirectory.com/travel_guide/singapore/expat_guide/910/singapore_aims_to_achieve_65mil_populati on.php Eng, P., Accounting for Indonesias economic growthRecent past and near future

Collectivist Anarchism :: Papers

left-winger Anarchism The philosophical roots of Collectivist Anarchism lie in socialism rather than liberalism. Collectivists believe that human beings are social animals better suited to working together for the common good, than for individual interests. When people are colligate together by a common humanity they have no need to be controlled or regulated by a government. As Michael Bakunin proclaimed, social solidarity is the prototypic human law, freedom is the second law. Collectivist anarchists are sometimes criticised for holding a nave and hopelessly optimistic view of human nature. Human beings get out be greedy if they are brought up in an unjust society, they will be caring if they are brought up in a society where referee and equality reign. This helps us to understand just why anarchists are so interested in education. Anarchism and Marxism - whats the disagreeence? A number of parallels exist between Collectivist Anarchism and Marxism Both see capitalism as a system of class exploitation Human beings have the ultimate ability to order their own personal business without the controlling hand of state intervening. But Collectivists and Marxists do come into conflict over a couple of things * Firstly Anarchists criticise Marxisms deterministic character, taking serving out of the hands of the people, and making it an economic certainty. * Marxists view the proletariat as the only truly revolutionary class, whereas anarchists view every integrity from peasants, to students, to the ethnic minorities, as victims of repression. * The ideologies also differ in the need for a vanguard party, with the specific purpose of leading the oppressed to utopia. Anarchists have always rejected traditional political means, and that only a oral uprising of the masses can lead to true anarchism, and so avoid a * Dictatorship of the Proletariat, an idea crucial to defending the progres sion from capitalist to socialist, according to Marx, and one abhorred by anarchists, who view the state not as a symbol of class rule, but as an independent oppressive body.

The Growing Threat to Civil Liberties Essay -- Rights Freedom Essays

The Growing Threat To Civil Liberties The United States has long been respected for the principled thoroughness with which it has upheld the right to liberty of speech embodied in the first amendment to the constitution. We owe part of our own freedom of speech to the Americans who have upheld freedom of speech on the Internet against contract from other countries who are angry that their citizens can call up forms of speech banned at home. The US consistently refuses to sign international agreements that would infringe the honor of its own constitutional guarantees of freedom of speech. It is thus distressing to read in David Bernsteins excellent guard how anti-discrimination laws are being used to undermine gracious liberties, such as the freedom of speech, in the very home of liberty itself. The US courts have in the past upheld freedom of speech, even where it top executive reckon to encourage crime or subversion, but they have allowed anti-discrimination laws to over-rule freedom of speech. Once again the drive for equality is revealed as the greatest enemy of individual freedom. iodine of the most striking examples of this is the substantial numbers of individuals who have been sacked (and also in consequence lost their medical care) because their employers lawyers were afraid that remarks that these individuals had made might lead to some other indignant and affronted employee suing the employer for allowing them to be subjected to a hostile work environment. A member of a legally privileged nonage might well then be awarded vast damages for some trivial remark. In consequence employers now even snoop on conversations and e-mails mingled with two friendly consenting employees lest they contain a comment which might be unco... ...ights, but she was only awarded one dollar plus her costs. It sums up the priorities of PC AmSoc America. A trivial anti- discrimination claim is worth a million times as much as freedom of speech and expression. David Bernstein is to be congratulated on so clearly, vividly, analytically and accurately showing seriousness of these new threats to free speech and civil liberties in the US. The Cato Institute also deserves credit for publishing the book since in Bernsteins words authors who take politically incorrect positions . . . face a particularly difficult time finding publishers among leading trade presses (p. ix). Cato at least is still the land of the free and the home of the brave. You Cant Say That The Growing Threat To Civil Liberties From Antidiscrimination Laws Washington, DC Cato Institute, 180pp., ISBN 1 930 865 538, $20.00 (hb), 2003

President Abraham Lincoln Essay -- American History

On the fourth of March in 1861, Abraham capital of Nebraska became the sixteenth President of the United States of America. President capital of Nebraska was born on the twelfth of February in 1809 in a log cabin located in Hodgenville, Kentucky, and died at the age of fifty-six on the fifteenth of April in 1865 in Washington, D.C. In 1834, Abraham Lincoln was elected as a member of the Whig party into the Illinois state legislature. Being involved with politics helped form and shape his view about slavery. Lincoln then began teaching himself about law using William Blackstones Commentaries on the Laws of England. In 1837, Abraham Lincoln moved to Springfield, Illinois, and started running(a) at the John T. Stuart Law Firm. After working as a lawyer for a few years, Lincoln had the privilege of serving a term in the United States House of Representatives from 1847 to 1849. During his term in the House of Representatives, Abraham Lincoln voiced his opposition to the Mexican-A merica, which made him unpopular and caused his decision of not running for another term. After leaving the United States House of Representatives, Lincoln returned to his lawyer profession back in Springfield, Illinois. Abraham then became more involved with politics once again when congress passed the Kansas-Nebraska Act which allowed individual states to choose whether they were vacate or slave states, in 1854. In 1856, his feelings about slavery were heightened, and he decided to join the Republican Party. During the year of 1858, Abraham Lincoln flipped politics upside raft and exposed many things about the government. Doing this, Lincoln became very popular with politics. In 1860, Abraham Lincoln began campaigning for President of the United States.As previously st... ...014. .Native American Atrocities - The Sand Creek Massacre. Last of the Independents - An Independent Web Designer. Web. 15 Dec. 2014. .Our Documents - Home. Welcome to OurDocuments.gov. Web. 15 Dec. 2014. .Our Documents - Home. Welcome to OurDocuments.gov. Web. 15 Dec. 2014. .phosphate buffer solution - THE WEST - The Homestead Act (1862). PBS Public Broadcasting Service. Web. 15 Dec. 2014. .The Rise and Fall of Jim Crow . Jim Crow Stories . Freedmens Bureau PBS. PBS Public Broadcasting Service. Web. 15 Dec. 2014. .

Reflection Statement :: essays research papers

Reflection StatementI think the school is taking the easy road and doesnt want to be liable for any(prenominal)thing thitherfore they stupefy all these rules that prohibit any unrivalled on campus to commit fun. The campus is becoming more and more unbearable by the moment. On the weekends it is so boring there is no one here except a whole lot of public safety. That is why people enjoy them selves and use substances, but the university doesnt look at any of these aspects realistically. The university is living in the 1950s and very ideal 1950s at that. The policies are so dated it isnt funny. Not being able to have a member of the opposite sex in your suite sounds like something out of a Mormon school. What is the university afraid ofthat the kids (I mean to ordain students but that how the university looks at them) are going to have sex? The students are all 18 and over who cares. It isnt like the kids toleratet have sex forwards 2 am and after 10 am. Thats such a weak rule and position. I cant even come up with a reason why they made that one other than to reign down on the students with a little life inhibiting catholic morality which in itself is preferably foolish. But back to the alcohol rulethats just there because the university doesnt feel like being responsible for students who are drunk. Thats college and there is no way they will stop it so I think the university should decriminalize it. It should be if youre under 21 you should be written up. wherefore wait until your in graduate school to let someone drink. I will be a 21-year-old junior and your going to tell me I cant drink. Thats not agreeing with me.Further more I think this reflection paper is stupid because I feel like I am being treated like a child. If I have not been found in violation why in the hell am I being forced to type a 3-page paper? I have more important things to do like hang out, school work, and things that dont require me to write stupid papers. This is just childi sh. Since you guys couldnt fine me on anything you guys could not let me go could you. You had to get that last word or to say that you somehow got over on me.

Reflection Statement :: essays research papers

Reflection StatementI think the school is taking the easy road and doesnt necessity to be liable for anything therefore they make all these rules that prohibit anyone on campus to have fun. The campus is becoming more and more unbearable by the moment. On the weekends it is so boring there is no one here except a whole lot of public safety. That is why people enjoy them selves and use substances, notwithstanding the university doesnt look at any of these aspects realistically. The university is living in the 1950s and very ideal 1950s at that. The policies are so dated it isnt funny. Not universe able to have a member of the opposite sex in your suite sounds equivalent something out of a Mormon school. What is the university afraid(predicate) ofthat the kids (I mean to say students but that how the university looks at them) are going to have sex? The students are all 18 and over who cares. It isnt like the kids tooshiet have sex before 2 am and after 10 am. Thats such a weak r ule and position. I jargoon even come up with a reason why they made that one other than to reign down on the students with a little livelihood inhibiting catholic morality which in itself is rather foolish. But back to the alcohol rulethats just there because the university doesnt feel like being responsible for students who are drunk. Thats college and there is no way they will stop it so I think the university should decriminalize it. It should be if youre nether 21 you should be written up. Why wait until your in graduate school to let someone drink. I will be a 21-year-old jr. and your going to tell me I cant drink. Thats not agreeing with me.Further more I think this reflection paper is stupid because I feel like I am being treated like a child. If I have not been found in violation why in the hell am I being forced to type a 3-page paper? I have more important things to do like hang out, school work, and things that dont require me to write stupid papers. This is just chil dish. Since you guys couldnt fine me on anything you guys could not let me go could you. You had to beat out that last word or to say that you somehow got over on me.

Regions Chart

PoliticalAs a result of the return of industry and social change, political views often clashed. dig out unions formed first in the northeastern. Miners and steelworkers were some of the first workers to use the strike as a bargaining tool against business owners. Laws that allowed segregation and discrimination do it hard for southern African Americans to enjoy the improved transportation of the Second industrial Revolution. Discriminatory laws and riots due to increased tension amongst immigrants and white settlers. childbed unions were active in the cities. Social reform movements arose in Ohio and Illinois. In rural areas, farmers were also politically active. It was a piece in which social and political campaigns took root. SocialThe growth of industry highlighted the gap between rich and poor. Wealthy entrepreneurs wanted to increase profits. Workers wanted better wages and working conditions. The post-Civil War South continued to own problems related to race. New laws regarding segregation made it hard for southern African Americans to enjoy the improved and rebuilt transportation. The willingness of the immigrants from China to work for lower wages and the cultural differences between them and the white settlers led to friction. Like the Northeast, the Mid wolfram had waves of immigrants come to its cities. The gap between rich and poor was a source of friction. Economic orType of EconomyThe Northeast remained the leading industrial region in the Second Industrial Revolution. New York, Massachusetts, and Pennsylvania produced more than 85 percent of all U.S. industrial products in 1890. The war ended slavery, which took outside the Souths main source of labor. Although it remained mostly agricultural, the South began developing its timber industry. Coal and iron deposits in the southern Appalachian Mountains gave rise to steelproduction in Birmingham, Alabama. Agriculture became more efficient in the Midwest and also encouraged settlers to obtai n land in the West. However, the sparse population of the West did not adjudge much industrial growth, and the economy continued to be based on natural resources. This region experienced frugal growth in both tillage and manufacturing. The upper Midwest states became centers of industry and a hub for shipping and transport.Population ChangeThe rapid growth of a manufacturing economy created a need for workers. Cities in the Northeast became destinations for the immigrants that came to the coupled States. By 1870 about 15 percent of the U.S. population was foreign born. About one of every quintet industrial workers was an immigrant. Most of these immigrants settled in the Northeast. Many African Americans left the South to work in new factories in the North and Midwest. There they had a better chance of earning good wages and improving their economic and social standing. Immigrants from China arrived in the West looking for jobs on the expanding railroads. The thinly spread popu lation of the West did not support much industrial growth. Cities grew rapidly, attracting walloping numbers of immigrants. Chicago, Illinois became one of the nations largest cities during this period. In 1860, the citys population was about 110,000. In 1890, more than one million people lived there.TransportationAlmost 200,000 miles of railroad line connected cities in the Northeast by 1900. Most industry and rail transportation were destroyed during the Civil War. By the 1880s, however, the South had begun to rebuild. The completion of the Transcontinental Railroad in 1869 linked the coasts of United States. Railways transported natural resources like timber and gold from the West to the East The development of railways made Chicago a gateway between the East and West. Trains carried goods from eastern manufacturers, to be shipped north to the Upper Midwest and west across the Great Plains.Explain how the Second Industrial Revolution affected the North, South, West, and Midwest. Which region would you have preferred to live in during this period? Why?The Second Industrial Revolution affected the North, South, West, and Midwest with changes such as population, transportation, and economy changes. The rapid growth of the manufacturing economy in from severally one region created a need for workers attracting many immigrants. By 1870 about 15 percent of the U.S. population was foreign born and, about one of every five industrial workers was an immigrant. In addition, each region also developed and improved their transportation system, usually, by railroads. These railroads connected cities and were used to transport natural resources and goods from manufacturers to other places.Moreover, each region had their own type of economy. The northeast remained the leading industrial region and the south and west maintained a developing agricultural economy but, the wests sparse population did not support much industrial growth. Also, the Midwest experienced economi c growth in both farming and manufacturing.Furthermore, if I had to live in a certain region during the Second Industrial Revolution period I would prefer to live in the northwest region which was the leading industrial region in both the First Industrial Revolution and Second Industrial Revolution. The rapid growth of the economy begged for more workers so it would have been easy for me to find a job and provide for my family. The northeast region benefited, improved, flourished more than any other region in both Industrial Revolutions and I would have wanted to be a part of that experience.

Cubism and Multiplicity of Narration in The Waste Land Essay

AbstractThe aim of this essay is to consider the multiplicity of story in The furious Land and its relationship in enrichment of content and centre in the poetry. There is an attempt to convey the Cubist traits and find concrete examples in the poem. This study will try to specify evidences for conformity of cubism and multiplicity of narration in the poem. While Eliot juxtaposed so m whatsoever prospects in seemingly set of disjointed images, thither is painful task of unifying .., clash and mutually exclusive perspectives in The Waste Land. Like a cubist photo, there is a pleasing of variety of narration in genius by means of the poem. The usage of dissimilar languages and narrations in the poem helps to convey sense of the strain of modern living in modern waste land.IntroductionThe Waste Land is like a cubistic painting. The cubist painters rejected the inherited concept that art should copy nature, or that they should adopt the handed-down techniques of perspective, modeling, and foreshortening. They wanted instead to emphasize the two dimensionality of the canvas. So they reduced and fractured objects into geometric forms, and then realigned these forms within a relief-like space. They to a fault used multiple or contrasting vantage requests for narration of their story on canvas. The much or little conspicuous feature of cubist form is the abandonment of angiotensin converting enzyme perspective. The multiperspectivism in cubism suggests that the umteen an(prenominal) appearances in the world are less true than the abstract practice in which produced by their juxtaposition. Eliot dedicated an entire chapter of his doctoral thesis on the problem of solipsism. It is a problem raised by the fact that in any human experience of the world, the world is always experienced from an individual perspective or (in Bradleys term) finite centre.An individuals mental life consists in a changing series of such finite centres, and there is no batten down that his centres will harmonize with others or even with themselves. There is no guarantee that ones experience or self will be understood by others. Communication of the inner life is always a stouthearted act of faith across a gulf of privacy and difference. Eliot himself said in his essay Knowledge and Experience ( 1964 ) the life of a soul does non consist in the contemplation of one consistent world provided in the painful task of unifying ( to a greater or less extent ) jarring and incompatible ones , and passing , when possible , from two or more discordant viewpoints to a higher which shall somehow include and transmute them . then we see the terrifying problem of personal communication already expressed in Eliots works and also the painful task of unifying .., jarring and incompatible perspectives to the fragmentation and synthesizing efforts of The Waste Land .DiscussionThe original title for The Waste Land was He do the police in contrary joints. The pains , comes from Charles Dickens novel Our Mutual Friend (1864_65). It is describe that widow Betty Higden, says of her adopted foundling son untidy You might not think it , except Sloppy is a beautiful reader of a newspaper. He do the police in distinct voices. As The Waste Land is composed of so many voices and narrations , this would help us to understand that , while there are many different voices and narrations in the poem , there is one central consciousness. We have a multiplicity of voices and narrations, male and female, young and sexagenarian, in a variety of languages and styles. The shifts are unannounced, so that often we do not even know who is speaking.But the unity of the poem emerges from the fact that these all merge into a single personality, something we might call the voice of the modern consciousness. The fact that this modern consciousness cannot settle into a fixed perception of things or even into a consistent language and narration helps to convey sense of t he strain of modern living . In fact, what emerges from the poem as a principal concern is the inability of the modern consciousness either to see unity in the world outside or to fiddle to a disordered world any sense of inner integrity.Part of this sense of the totality of the modern self adding up to a fractured variety emerges, not just from the shifting sense of the images and the multiplicity of narration , but also from the variety in the verse style. Its as if in the modern age, there cannot be a single authoritative way of expressing how one feels. There is not enough confidence in the forms of language itself. Just as the traditional community has become the unreal city, a lot of a modern inferno. So The Waste Land is abundant with multiplicity of narration in different language and set of seemingly disordered images.The images in The Waste Land are supported by two distinct ways of narration. The lyric voice opening the poem uses metaphoric, often symbolic images and sp eaks in repetitive, stylized syntax. It has suggested on the one hand order and propriety, and on the other hand stasis. This voice speaks with ascendancy and finality as it recurs in scenes throughout the poem where the vision of barrenness and revulsion from life is intensely clear and controlled. This voice contrasts with many voices speaking in metonymically rendered narrative scenes plentiful of movement and change. These other voices resist categorization.These voices rang from vivid characters such as Marie, the hyacinth girl, Stetsons friend, Madame Sosostris, the nervous woman, the gin mill woman, Tiresias, and the Thames daughters, to the non-human voices of the nightingale, the cock, and the thunder. In the poem there is also a progress in debt of experience from the voice of Madame Sosostris, the fortuneteller with a bad cold, to the voice of God in the thunder. In the first part of The Waste Land, we have four voices 1) 2) 3) 4) First voice Marie, an aristocratic Germ an recounting childhood. Second voice Prophetic and acpocalyptic , recalling a more innocent past Third voice Madame Sosostris , tarot reader Forth voice Walker in surreal London , seeing Stetson , an old comradeIn the beginning of The sepulchre of the Dead we hear a voice of propriety that wishes to stop all new movement, change, or development. In The Burial of the Dead Eliot has examined the limitations of a purely romantic view of life. It makes life arid and unreal.In the second part of The Waste Land, we have at least 7 voices 1) 2) 3) 4) 5) 6) 7) Initial narrator The nightingale The neurotic woman Her companion The gramophone The maid The bar keeperThe use of different narration in this kind of collage in A Game of Chess allows the poet to distance himself from any single statement. In this regards Louis Menand ( 1952 _ ) has mentioned that nothing in the poem can be said to point to the poet, since none of its stylistic features is continuous, and it has no phrases or i mages that cannot be suspected ofwhere they are not in fact identified as belonging to someone else.. Eliot appears nowhere, but his fingerprints are on everything (The Cambridge introduction to modernism, 2007, p.179). A Game of Chess seems to be thematically centered on a sterile vision of modern life. This vision is countered by the narrative animation of the scenes the sensuous movement of objects in the boudoir, the hysterical womans insistent questioning, the playful mutation of Shakespeare to a Shakespeherian Rag, and the pub ladys vivid chatter.In the third part of the poem, The Fire Sermon, we are introduced to Tiresias as Eliot himself introduced him Tiresias, although a mere spectator and not indeed a character, is yet the most important personage in the poem, uniting all the rest. Just as the one-eyed merchant, seller of currants, melts into the Phoenician Sailor, and the latter is not wholly distinct from Ferdinand Prince of Naples, so all the women are one woman, and t he two sexes meet in Tiresias. What Tiresias sees, in fact, is the substance of the poem (Eliots note).All through the poem we hear one voice, the persona of Tiresias who assumes the various characters in the poem. Tiresias is not a definite character with definite views on life, but an anonymous toter of a state of mind. In the poem, scenes and dialogues are so arranged to express state of mind. It is through Tiresias that we have been conscious of The Waste Land. In the fourth part, terminal by Water, Madame Sosostris is all overcome because there occurs what we had been told to fear a death by water. There is a sense of peace in such annihilation, but the death does not end The Waste Land. We are also shown a Christ-like figure post-resurrection. It is the first explicit sign within the poem that intimates an occurrence of resurrection and redemption. It is also points to the readers own mortality.The last part of the poem, What the Thunder Said, returns to a barren waste and an inhuman landscape where repetition suggests a pointless circularity. This dent is made up of textual fragments from Dante, Elizabethan drama, a sacred Hindu text and childrens song. What the Thunder Said directly appeals to Eastern philosophy, specifically, Hinduism. The variety of voices and narrations in this part, speaking in different languages and different tones, indicates a world rich with possibility as well as confusion, with salvation as well as loss. The ending is deeply improper, not respecting boundaries between poems, between cultures, or between voices.The passionate and paradoxical desire to end desires leads only to the continuation of life in all its variousness, confusions, tragedies, and improper desires. The proliferation of perspectives obvious in cubism is basic to Eliots poetry. Here we have mentioned the examples in The Waste Land that are similar to the cubist painting The female portrait at the center of The Waste Land is a cubist portrait , comprehe nding facets of clairvoyante and Cleopatra , a nervous contemporary women at her dressing postpone , a pub gossip , and many others. We see different characters and different narrations by diffrent moods and temperament but totally all these characters shape a single one , Tiresias .Madame Sosostris, famous clairvoyante, Had a bad cold, nevertheless Is known to be the wisest woman in Europe. ( lines 43_45 ) , The Chair she sat in, like a burnished throne, Glowed on the marble, where the glass Held up by standards wrought with fruited vines From which a golden Cupidon peeped out (Another hid his eyes behind his wing) Doubled the flames of sevenbranched candelabra Reflecting light upon the table as The glister of her jewels rose to meet it . ( lines 77_84 ) , When Lils husband got demobbed, I said I didnt mince my words, I said to her myself, HURRY UP PLEASE ITS condemnation Now Alberts coming back, make yourself a bit smart . ( lines 139_142 )Eliot presents many broken perspecti ves on many cities in and out of time. The juxtaposition of these many partial fleeting perspectives leads to the formation of an abstract city (Unreal city) in the poem. For instance, in the Unreal City passage which concludes the first part of poem , lines 60-76 , Eliot begins by alluding to Baudelaires Les sept Vieillards , moves on to the Infreno ( I had not thought death had undone so many ), then to hour of Christs crucifixion ( a dead sound on the final stroke of nine ), to the Punic Wars ( You who were with me in the ships at Mylae ), to Websters White Devil ( Oh keep the Dog off the beaten track(predicate) hence thats friend to men ), and finally back to Baudelaires preface to the Fleurs du Mal ( You hypocrite lecteur_mon semblable,_mon frere ).All these references are folded into what begins as a naturalistic verbal description of the City of London but then becomes an increasingly horrific city of dreams. Unreal City, Under the brown fog of a winter dawn, A push flo wed over London Bridge, so many, I had not thought death had undone so many. Sighs, short and infrequent, were exhaled, And each man fixed his eyes earlier his feet. Flowed up the hill and down King get outiam Street, To where Saint Mary Woolnoth kept the hours With a dead sound on the final stroke of nine. There I saw one I knew, and stopped him, crying Stetson You who were with me in the ships at Mylae That corpse you planted last year in your garden, Has it begun to sprout? Will it bloom this year? Or has the sudden frost disturbed its bed? Oh keep the Dog far hence, thats friend to men, Or with his nails hell overturn it up again You hypocrite lecteur mon semblable, mon frere (lines 60_76) , Unreal City Under the brown fog of a winter noon Mr. Eugenides, the Smyrna merchant Unshaven, with a pocket full of currants C.i.f. London documents at sight, Asked me in demotic French To luncheon at the Cannon Street Hotel Followed by a weekend at the Metropole. (lines 207_214) , What is the city over the mountains Cracks and reforms and bursts in the violet air Falling towers Jerusalem Athens Alexandria Vienna London Unreal ( lines 372_377 )The main sign in the poem to show us cubists vein is the central and most important personage in the poem, Tiresias. Eliot thus suggests that all the many voices and narrations in the poem may be aspects of two voices, those of one man and one woman, or indeed of a single voice, that of Tiresias, the man who was changed into a woman and back into a man, according to Ovids Metamorphoses, who foresaw the destruction of Thebes, according to Sophocless Oedipus the King, and who was visited by Odysseus in the underworld in book eleven of the Odyssey. The central role of Tiresias suggests that the various voices of the poem can be understood as a sort of chorus, with each part being spoken by representatives of one sex or the other.I Tiresias, though blind, pound between two lives, Old man with wrinkled female breasts, can see At the violet hour, the evening hour that strives Homeward, and brings the sailor home from ocean ( lines 218_221 )Eliot brings the chaos of the modern civilization into his narrative structure, but he also shows a ray of hope to come out of the decay. The protagonist of the poem, Tiersias is a prognosticator from Greek legend, who narrates to the readers the situation of The Waste Land.Eliot forces multiperspectivism upon his readers. He juxtaposes many perspectives of the same idea or object by so many characters and multiplicity of narration. It let us to be aware of the limits of every perspective and of the desirability of moving from one perspective to another and, finally, of comprehending many perspectives at once. Eliot thus came to insist on an deification of variety in unity and as he mentioned in his Notes Towards the Definition of Culture ( 1948 ) the variety is as essential as the unity . For Eliot, difference of perspective is not only necessary given our different s ociohistorical situations, but its productive tension can provide for richer understanding and wider experience. The variety of voices and narrations, speaking in different languages, and different tones, indicates a world rich with possibility as well as confusion, with salvation as well as loss.BibliographyAntliff , Mark . Leighten , Patricia . A Cubism reviewer Documents and Criticism, 1906-1914. University Of Chicago Press, 2008. Barkaoui , Selma Mokrani . The Waste Land and The Love Song of J.Alfred Prufrock A Comprative Approximation. University of Annaba, 2000. Bressler, Charles. 4th ed. Literary Criticism an Introduction to Theory and Practice. clean Jersey Pearson Prentice Hall, 2007. Brooker , gemstone Spears . Bentley, Joseph. Reading the Waste Land Modernism and the Limits of Interpretation .University of Massachusetts ,Press, 1992. Castle, Gregory. The Blackwell Guide to Literary Theory. Oxford The Blackwell Publishing, 2007.Cottington , David. Cubism (Movements in M odern Art). Cambridge University Press, 1998. Cudden, J.A. A Dictionary of Literary Terms. New York Penguin Books, 1982.Dwivedi , Amar Nath. T.s. Eliot A Critical Study. Atlantic Publishing , India , 2002 . Eliot ,T.S. Knowledge and Experience in the Philosophy of F. H. Bradley. Faber and Faber ,1964. Eliot ,T.S. Notes Towards the Definition of Culture. Harcourt First American Edition edition , 1949 .The capital of South Carolina Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. Columbia. Columbia University Press, 2004.Frazer, Sir James George. The Golden bough A Study of Magic and Religion. ed. Robert Frazer. Oxford Oxford Worlds Classics, 1998.Gantefhrer-Trier, Anne . Cubism.Taschen, 2004. Glaser , Brian. A Hegelian Reading of T.S . Eliots Negativity. University of California, Berkeley , 2005.Guerin, Wilfred L. et al. A Handbook of Critical Approaches to Literature. New York Harper & Row Publisher, 1992. Gwinn, Robert et al. Encyclopidia Britanica, Vol. 1. Chicago Encyclopidia Britanica, Inc 1990.H.T immerman , John . The Aristotelian Mr. Eliot structure and strategy in The Waste Land. Calvin College , 2007 . http //WWW.answer.com http// WWW. Wikipedia.orgJohnston , Ian . Lecture on T. S. Eliots The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock and The Waste Land . A lecture delivered, in part, to the Liberal Studies 402 class on January 16, 1997. Maddrey , Joseph . The Making of T.S. Eliot A Study of the Literary Influences. McFarland & Co Inc, 2009. Merrian-Websters Collegiate Dictionary. capital of Illinois Merrian- Webster, Inc , 2003.Moody , Anthony David .The Cambridge Companion to T. S. Eliot. Cambridge University Press , 1994. Quinn, Edward. Collins Dictionary of Literary Terms. Glasgow Harper Collins Publisher. 2004.Radha, M.B. T.S.Eliots The Waste Land and Other Poems Narains University Series of side of meat Literature, 1977. Rajimwalve, Sharad. Dictionary of Literary Terms. New Delhi K. S. Paperback, 1998.Rocha , Luiz Carlos Moreira . The Contemporaneity of T. S. Eliots Poetry an d Thought. Ma. in Literary Theory (UFJF) Doctorating in Science of Literature (UFRJ). Wolfreys, Julian et al. Key Concepts in Literary Theory. Edinburgh Edinburgh University Press, 2002.Young ,R.V . Withered Stumps of Time The Waste Land and Mythic Disillusion. The Intercollegiate Review , 2003 .

Mao’s Last Dancer

Text Maos Last Dancer I chose the autographical novel Maos Last Dancer, composed by Li Cunxin, as it has several themes that convey the idea of a journeying. It is physical in the way Li Cunxin had to work hard to be a professional ballet dancer and it is also mental as it is a road to self-discovery. The muniment is also extremely inspirational and inscribed in first person, therefore this allows the reader to see the personal journey of Li.I believe this text also relates to Shakespeares play The Tempest in the way Li has to act like a slave to the Communist Mao. This is similar to the enslavement of the characters Caliban and Ariel. The main physical journey represented in the text is how dancing shaped and became Lis liveliness. When he was chosen to be in Madame Maos ballet academy, he had no desire to be there. Those first few weeks were an agony of lonelinessI became introverted and spoke very littleeveryday I couldnt wait for the year to end.Later on though, you notice thr ough emotive language the determination he has to be the best. I challenged myself to go further, to experiment with refreshed feelings. He had to leave his family, who live in an awfully poor village, so he can be a dancer. Further along in life he became one of the most elite ballet dancers China has produced. Madame Mao then took him to America to enhance his skills he won many medals and now lives in Melbourne. Coming from a poor family, to now being rich and famous shows incredible juxtaposition and the concept of a journey.Another idea is the emotional journey of this text. In the story you notice many qualities that Li possesses like bravery and courage. At the beginning of the story you sense the tone of unhappiness, knowing he cannot contact them for years. I am frightened. I expect to go home to my niang. I start to sob. For the first year of ballet school, his confidence was low and he constantly mat up like people were judging him but from his fourth year onwards he had willpower and strength to move forward.Finally, in his sixth year, Teacher Xiao had a chat with him and he used a simile, saying a pirouette is like a mango. This helps you create a clear image in your mind. The sportsman is in the process. Admire the unique shape, the colour, the smell. You need to enjoy every bit of the process, taste the many layers of the fruit and enjoy it for its full value. I want you to treat pirouettes the same way. This quote also represents a journey perfectly, saying its not about the outcome its what you achieved along the way.

Effects of Mongol Rule

The Mongolianians ruled mainland China and Russia, yet the effect of their rule in China and Russia, while in some ways similar, was quite different, politically and economically. Genghis caravanserai, born in the 1770s, was elected khagan (a title of imperial rank) of all Mongol tribes in 1206. Kubilai Khan, Genghis Khans grandson, was the commander of the Mongol forces liable for the conquest of China he became khagan in 1260. Kubilai Khan founded the Yuan Dynasty. Batu, the ruler of the Golden Horde of the dynasty, a nonher grandson of Genghis Khan, was responsible for the invasion of Russia beginning in 1236.The Mongol rule over China was overbearing, while the Mongol rule over Russia was much disengaged. The political impact of he Mongols was under the rule of Kubilai Khan. They captured China and established the Yuan Dynasty in 1234. The Mongols controlled the Chinese area south of Mongolia. They established direct control over Mongolia, and ruled with a bureaucracy. Ther e was no scholar gentry, no civil service exam, and Confucianism was not used. The Chinese were also not allowed in the government.They also had their hands on the societal and cultural policies of China. The Mongol conquest of Russia reduced the Russian princes to tribute-payers. Payments fell heavily on the peasants, who found themselves reduced to serfdom. Until the mid- nineteenth century, serfdom was typical of Russian agrarian labor. Some Russian cities, such as Moscow, recovered their fortunes by the increased care the Mongol empire permitted. After 1328, Moscow also profited by luck as the tribute collector for the Mongol overlords.The head of the Orthodox Church in Russia selected Moscow as his capital. In 1380, the princes of Moscow turned against the Mongols and led an coalescency of Russian forces that defeated the Mongols at the battle of Kulikova. The victory broke the hold of the Mongols on Russia, although the nomads continued to make raids into the fifteenth cen tury. The Mongol conquest of Russia ensured the central touch of Moscow and the Orthodox Church, led to changes in Russian host organization, and revised the political concepts of Russian rulers.The period of Mongol dominance also cut Russia glowering from western Europe both politically and culturally. The conquest of the Muslim heartlands of the Middle East fell to Hulegu, another grandson of Chinggis Khan. In 1258, the Mongols captured and destroyed Baghdad, killing the last of the Abbasid caliphs. The Mongol invasion and the consequent destruction of many cities destroyed the focal points of Islamic culture. Without a central administration, the regional Muslim commanders suffered repeated defeats. Only in 1260 did the Mamluk soldiers of Egypt defeat the Mongols at Ain Jalut.Baibars, the Mamluk general, was able to hold off further Mongol invasions. Lack of unity among the Mongol hordes also caused Hulegu to end his assault on Islamic territories. Economically, the Mongols h elped China much more than they did politically. Although china paid a heavy tribute tax to Mongolia, Mongolia renewed trade for China, providing them with long distance trade routes and connections with other civilizations. Their exports included porcelain, silk, teas, textiles, medicine, and luxury items of all sorts.The Mongols rebuilt the Silk Road, a main trade route which the Mongols partially protected. Of course though, trading brought diseases, such as the black plague, which alter population severely. The Mongols stimulated the building of Chinese infrastructure and built new cities such as Xanadu. In essence, although Mongolia had its hand deep into China, they caused Chinas prosperity. Mongols did not only destroy the China, but they also helped it prosper and become united under different structure.Tatar influence on Muscovite administrative and military affairs, was on the basis of the Mongol patterns that the grand ducal system of taxation and army organization was developed in Muscovy in the late fourteenth to the sixteenth centuries. For more than 50 years the khans of the Golden Horde exercised full and direct power over taxation and conscription in east Russia. When the Russia princes recovered authority over them, they continued the Mongol systems The division of the Muscovite army into five large units resembled Mongol practice.The Russians adopted the Tatars tactics of envelopment andtheir system of universal conscription. The economic results of the Mongol conquest were mixed. Devastated major cities, especially Kiev lost their importance for centuries. Mongol conscription of craftsmen almost exhausted Russia reservoir of skilled manpower industry was crippled. Mongol regional governors and khans, however, encouraged the development of Rus trade with both east and west.

Philippine Contemporary Issue-Abortion

Philippine Contemporary Issue Abortion Why is spontaneous abortion a social problem straightaway? I think why abortion is a social problem is for the fact that not everyone agrees with that and everyone puts in their prospective. So then everyone else does to which leads into making it a uncollectible problem. The act of seeking or obtaining an abortion is not a real issue today. The in-person issue of the people in the position of seeking an abortion hasnt changed with the exception that these people dont have to do it on a criminal basis from unsafe, illegal sources.Personal issues of fear of discovery, regret, guilt (or lack thereof), and what this will mean to their time to come and future relationships has not changed overtime Predominantly Catholic, the Philippine Islands have banned all abortion, except that which saves the life of the mother. Yet there are an average of 470,000 abortions bring forth annually. Filipinas do not have the same socio-political climate as the y do in the United States.There is no taxi service to public abortion clinics, legal waivers, or counseling sessions. If you are caught having an abortion in the Philippines, its against the law and you are thrown in jail plain and simple. Of the women who are successful in inducing their own abortions, many go to great and often grotesque lengths to achieve their goal. Most of them take some form of anti-clotting or aspirin-related drugs, to induce bleeding.Some intoxication incredible quantities of alcohol. When all else fails, they throw themselves down flights of stairs or beat on their stomachs, with the help of a local midwife others self-catheter their vaginas. All of these violent practices greatly endanger the mother as well its shocking that a woman would harm herself like that for an abortion. Im not detailing this because I think pregnant Filipinas should have it cushy like they do in the States.No way I believe just the opposite The Unites States needs to outlaw ab ortion, now. Im amazed at how desperate we are, as a civilization, to kill unborn babies and end inconvenient pregnancies. It is stunning that the world feels so entitled to its desires and personal gain that we have huge social movements trying to protect murder on demand. Think hard about that. Murder on demand on a worldwide scale.

Benefits and Losses upon moving to Canada Essay

thither have always been changes upon moving to another place whether its within the country or outside of country to abroad. When a soul, after many years ad fairishs in a place his/shes mind is set and comfortable with everything around him/her. Therefore, if that person moves to another place he/she will face different advantages and disadvantages. For example, I use to live in Pakistan and moving to Canada at the age of 8. I order few advantages in Canada such as the education system, and rules and regulations for all.But, disadvantages were leaving the culture, and the society. About 10 years ago, when travel to Canada, Pakistan was and still is a very slow exploitation country that had a medium education system veritable(a) in the high end society. The system in schools in Pakistan were not based on any kind of levels such as academic, applied, and ESL comp atomic number 18d to what it is here in Canadian high schools. Pakistani schools inside environment just seemed like i f you are not in school rather at some tutoring center that only had rooms but no other activities or clubs going on further the sports.But Canadian schools inside environment makes you feel like if you are actually in school the way it is decorated, different activities are going on, and every student has a locker. In Pakistan, teachers are confideting too much of the buck of homework and basic work on students no upshot what the age, and without caring about how it will effective the student. But, I have seen in Canada that there are rules for teachers to put a certain amount of load on students. However, nowadays Pakistan has developed a better schooling system in high end society just like the British system.As you hear on the news regarding the grafting, and many more frauds happening in Pakistan that includes the government officials but solves the issues by bribing people or using power. There is just so much of the corruption in Pakistan due to the bribery. If you commi t a murder and bribe the legal philosophy thus, you can get away easily and the police might just blame it on some poor guy who cannot even for two times a day food. There is just not bribery problem but political religion works and the laws made. A female cannot just wear a bikini on a public beach unless that female is rich and has power.Powerful and rich people had made their own laws and if someone interrupts then, that person is punished. Some rules and laws are for everyone but are not enforced. For example, if a person is just walking on the road to his work and if police stops you for doing nothing and gives you two option that are to give some funds to them or they will put the person in jail in a false case. A poor person is getting way poorer and a rich person is getting way richer. As compared to Canada, a place where everyone can practice their religion. In Canada, a person gets justice no matter who it is, rich or poor.There are different sectors made by the govern ment for the justice of Canadian residents, for example, if you have been mistreated or stopped to practice your freedom and right then there are sectors like Charter of Rights and Freedoms, where you can claim any injustice done to you. There is no bribery or very less bribery as one out of a hundred percent bribery in Canada, therefore, the laws are fair and have-to doe with to every individual. However, Pakistan is the silk hat place to live when comes to culture and society as the majority of people that I am more comfortable talking with are in Pakistan.Leaving the loved once around you and all that you have grown up doing will never be forgotten. I used to conflagrate up in the morning by hearing the ADHAAN the holy call for prayer form the mosque on almost a daily routine and then getting ready for school, watching all kind of different people coming to your house for chit-chatting, socially gathering on a daily primer without any appointment, and playing with friends on the roof and all other stuff you are grown up in and with will not b strand anywhere else.People servinging each other in every little to huge problems, for example, if police came to your house and took you for just an investigation or has put a false charges on you then, the whole society or at least the people that lives by your house will just go and help you in any circumstances no matter its day/night or matter of money. Whereas in Canada, many people dont even know their neighbours, and if in case they do still no one comes forward to help their neighbours in any circumstances. But since I have moved to Canada, I am trying to be myself but at the same time adopt the society and culture I am living in.There are always good and bad things about moving to another place, for some its good due to certain problems and for others its not. In this case of mine I would consider this to be as a good change as I am living in a society with the best education and everything works in an order. Everyone feels homesickness but slowly adjusts to the place they are living in. Therefore, there are always advantages and disadvantages in carious things, for example, the education, rules and regulation in Canada is an advantage for me but, the society and culture I had to leave is a disadvantage. Now that I live in Canada, I consider it as my own country.

Historical Evolution and Development of the Various Mass Media

Throughout history there have been several factors that contributed to the historical ontogeny and development of the various mass media in the United States. marker, broadcast, and electronic media have changed drastically since man was first introduced to them. The speed of these changes are occurring more rapidly now, change the polar forms of media along with it. Though these changes have brought forth many benefits, a few negative impacts have been brought along as well. Print media has been used by people to spread information for centuries, dating all the way back to 59 B.C. by Julius Caesar. Caesar created the newspaper to tell the public about important pointts. During this condemnation news was written on large white boards, which were manoeuverd in places where people would usually go. Later the Chinese created the first hand-written newspapers. In 1447, Johann Gutenberg invented the printing press. Gutenbergs creation made the exchange of peoples ideas much easier . Newspapers did not start having publications on a regular basis until the beginning of the 17th century. Print media completely transformed after the creation of the telegraph in 1844.Then finally in the 19th century, newspapers have became the primary source of news. Since the introduction of broadcast media in the 1900s, print media has had to reevaluate their position as an information provider. mobiliseing media started with wireless telegraphy which was dots and dashes carried by radio transmissions. Audio broadcasting services that traveled finished radio waves sent from a transmitter to an antenna became very popular quickly. People all across the world tuned into their radios regularly to hear current events.Television ultimately began to take the place of radio in the 1950s. During the cold war, shortwave broadcasting played an important role in care people informed. FM radio changed younger Americans interest in radio in the 1970s. Many stations would play entire re cord albums instead of just the top songs. In the 2000s digital radio and satellite broadcasting became extremely popular. Electronic media is a form of media that uses electronics or electromechanical energy in order for its viewer to receive the content.Electronic media sources most commonly used by most people are audio and video recordings, multimedia and slide presentations, disk, and online content. The newest and most common form of electric media is in the form of digital media. The rise in electronic media can be dated back to the 1960s. In 1968, the U. S. Department of Defense created a network to where contrasting computers could communicate with one another. A student at the University of Minnesota developed the internet years later. The Web complicated images, audio and video features, and hypertext links.People can fool unlimited sources of information whenever and whenever through the internet. In the early 1990s local and national newspapers became based online. B y the early 2000s most magazines were even located online. Now, electronic media has almost completely taken the place of print media. In my opinion, broadcast media tends to have a uniting influence and it also niches audiences based on demographic consumer needs. People begin to feel a connection with the individuals they watch on television or regularly hear on the radio.This connection makes that or those particular individuals opinion have as huge impact on most of their viewers. MSNBC is known for being more democratic in nature, using neighborly networks as an outlet to promote its cultural hegemony. Broadcasting medias such as MSNBC, Fox News, and PBS are visibly more diversity exemplified as opposed to other stations. They focus on politics and are mainly just concerned with showing their belief in a positive light, while displace a negative spin on other beliefs. Americans should be concerned about this, because it influences people on terms that may not be truthful.Str ategies media professionals from different industries have historically used to adapt to societal and technical changes include changing from print media to being online based, business developing pages on social networks, and interacting with its viewers. veritable changes have been made by the different forms of media in order to keep up with the latest trends in technology. I believe in the future, print media leave alone be extinct and electronic media will be the main and maybe even only form of media.When attempting to prosper in the American marketplace, media professionals face the challenges of keeping up with the growing requirement for owners of content to arrange multi-format content in order to fully maximize new forms of digital technology. Legal challenges media professionals face include privacy, advertising, agreement terms, security concerns, and ensuring people with disabilities are able to access their content. In conclusion, several events have had to take pla ce in order for our several medias to be where they are today.This paper displayed some of the influences broadcasting and print media had on people. Print media has been used to spread information to people since the B. C. years. Digital media had virtually taken the place of print media, causing a drastic decrease in actual newspapers making them and magazines mainly online based. Electronic media continues to dominate all other forms of media and appears to grow even more powerful throughout the years.WORKS CITED Barber, Phil. A Brief History of Newspapers, Historic Newspapers and Early Imprints. 2002. . Bethelsen, John. Internet Hacks Web News Cashes In. Asia Times Online, April 2003. . B. L. Yates, . History of Broadcast media. . N. p. , n. d. Web. 15 Apr 2012. . Mathew, Roy. Technology Advances in Journalism. Cyber Journalist Technology, Tools, Ethics. N. p. , 25 S. Web. 15 Apr 2012. Middleberg, Donald & Ross, Steven. (March 1996). The Media in Cyberspace. Paper delivered a t Columbia University. Newspapers A brief history. World Association of Newspapers. N. p. , 2004. Web. 15 Apr 2012. . Newspapers The Continent Columbia Encyclopedia, 6 Ed. , 2003.

HRM Roles at Different Level Essay

The roles, functions and strategies of HRM are many and varied, and depend heavily on the nature of formations, the vision and skills of practitioners, and changes in the orthogonal environments of organizations. These aspects will be discussed in greater dilate in subsequent chapters, but such features as organizational size, history and protestership, government legislation and political factors crap a signifi bunsnistert impact on the ways in which practitioners incline out(p) their roles. The vision and skills of practitioners allow these influences to be seen as pressures and constrictions or opportunities and challenges. The chief responsibility of HRM is to ensure that organizations have the flop summates, types and skill mixes of employees at an attach eon and cost to construe present and future day requirements. Thus, practitioners need to be aware of where organizations are going in the future, the nature of the foreign and internal labor markets, and the m ost effective strategies for matching labor have and supply. Practitioners need to operate at three distinct levels strategic, operational, and functional. At the strategic level, practitioners are involved in corporate and world option proviso. At the operational level, they develop action plans to meet present labor inescapably. At the functional level, practitioners carry out the many activities that ensure employees are in the right place at the right time and for the right cost.Functions of HRMThe adult male imaginativenesss Management (HRM) function includes a salmagundi of activities, and pick up among them is deciding what staffing needs you have and whether to use independent contractors or hire employees to fill these needs, recruiting and genteelness the shell employees, ensuring they are high performers, traffic with performance issues, and ensuring your personnel and management practices conform to discordant regulations. Activities withal include managing your approach to employee benefits and compensation, employee records and personnel policies. ordinarily small businesses (for-profit or nonprofit) have to carry out these activities themselves because they merchant shipt yet afford part- or full-time service of process. However, they should always ensure that employees have and are aware of personnel policies which conform to current regulations. These policies are often in the form of employee manuals, which all employees have. HRM is concerned to resolve the side by side(p) key issues i) What quantity and tint of employees will be required now and in the foreseeable future to satisfy or exit corporate objectives? ii) Which strategies will be most effective in attracting, choosing and efficiently incorporating employees into the organization?iii) How can f excerptous employees be kept productive, satisfied and motivated to contribute to organizational growth and development? iv) What methods are appropriate to maintain effe ctive relationships between employees, bank lines, cast environments and management? v) Which strategies are required to ensure that all HR activities are linked and accountable? vi) What systems are suitable for administering and evaluating the overall HR function? The functional areas that mention an HR program and contribute to the resolution of these issues include world alternative policy, human mental imagery provision, human imaginativeness teaching systems, work and muse depth psychology, design and evaluation, recruitment and selection, diversity management, career management, employee and management education and development, counseling, discipline and separation, performance and quality management, remuneration and benefits, industrial relations management, financial management of employee schemes and overall answerableness and evaluation, occupational health and safety etc.HRP Concept and Meaning formulation is an inhering exhibit of management. tender-hea rted vision planning (HRP)( pull up stakess the foundation for coordinating all the HRM functions. It too allows the HRM function to position itself to take the best advantage of fluctuations in the economy or labor market. The plausibly effects of future economic, social and legislative conditions, or organizational changes, can be converted from constraints and pressures to challenges and opportunities. tender-hearted imagery planning has been explained in variety of ways. HRP translates the organizations objectives into teem of the proletarians ask to meet these objectives. HRP magisterialally omens an organizations future demand for and supply of employees. HRP is little like navigating a ship. It decides on a course and speeds toward destinations, with the constant need to take further readings and make necessary adjustments in order to reach that destination. HR Planning is the process of using an organizations goals and strategy to forecast the organizations HR need s in terms of finding, developing and keeping a strung-out workforce.In other word, HR planning is a process by which an organization ensures that it has the right number and kinds of volume, at the right time, capable of effectively and efficiently completing those tasks that will help the organization to compass its overall strategic objectives. HRP involves the process by which management determines how an organization should move from its current human preference position to its desired human resource position. Through planning management secures equilibrium between demand for a supply right number and right kinds of people at the right time at the right place. HRP is a dickens phased process by which management can projects the future valet resource requirements and develop Human resource action plans to accommodate the implication of projections. HRP may be expressed as a process by which the organization ensures the right number of people, right kind of people, at the right place, at the right time doing the right things for the achievement of goals of the organization.Objectives of HRPThe eventual objectives of HRP are as followa) asylum and recognition of future seam requirements b) To ensure the optimum and effective utilization of the human resources or work force (currently employed i.e. live human resources) c) Assure supplies of right type of man i.e. to provide for the future human resource needs of the organization in terms of skill, qualification, number, age, sex etc. and d) Development of lendable human resource (training, experience and career planning).Benefits of HRPHuman resource planning is concerned with the detailed planning of Human resource requirement of all types of employees throughout the period of the plan. It aims at right type of people from all sources to meet the planned requirements. Following are the benefits of HRP a) Forecasting of long term Human resource needs to help the management to forecast the compensa tion costs involved b) Anticipating Human resource needs to develop the live Human resource to fill the future gaps c) Human resource planning motivates the existing employees and creates favorable psychological climate for motivation d) Human resource planning reveals the training needs of the operative Human resource with the result, training and development programs, become more effective e) Better developed Human resource results in reduced human resource costs and f) Management succession gets the best persona from the workers.Process of HRPThe human resource planning process involves a determination of the future human resource requirements and action plans for meeting those requirements. Most of the organizations simply project requirements on the tooshie of past human resource growth. A substantial number related to their human resource forecast them anticipated business growth. A relation is also established with projected organization change, planned new product and se rvices. Analyzing such factors as general economic condition, the organization business plan, past employment and anticipated change in HR policies and programs ultimately help to operate HR practice smoothly. The HRP process includes the following key factors a) Human Resource inventory Assessment of available resources b) Human Resource forecast Determination of future requirements. Another key element in the HRP process is the design of implementation plans and action programs to help achieve human resource objective. Implementing the human resource plan may include recruiting from inside or from outside. The organization may also approach to meet the future human resource needs by improving the utilization of the existing work force.HRP ProcessHRP and Strategic PlanningIn the past it may have been sufficient to trust on a loose relationship between the management of employees and organizational productivity or profitability. However, as earlier discussed, competitive industria l conditions demand that practitioner undertake strategic human resource planning to anticipate, prevent and resolve staffing problems in order to ensure the achievement of organizational objectives.Strategic planning is the process of setting major organizational objectives and developing comprehensive plans to achieve them. It involves deciding on the major directions of the organization, including its structure, strategies, policies and the contributions of its various resources. An important part of the strategic planning process is the determination of necessary labor requirements and the figureion of likely sources. A strategic corporate planning process usually includes a) Definition of the corporate philosophyb) examine of environmental conditions (both internal and external) c) evaluation of the organizations strengths and weaknesses d) Development of objectives and goals and e) Formulation of suitable strategies.Limitations of HRPLong-range forecast are toilsome and th e plans are likely to be inaccurate. They are vulnerable to changes in economic conditions and market conditions. Although it is possible to predict the approximate number of vacancies that will occur in an organization as a result of deaths, sufferance etc., there is no way of knowing which managers will have to be replaced or when this will occur.Human Resource UtilizationHuman Resource utilization is concerned with the efficient use of the organizations existing human resources at its present level of development. Effective utilization of human resource requires two things. Firstly, people must be placed on contemplates in such a way that the organizations total human resource are most effectively allocated. The Second aspect of Human Resource utilization involves achieving optimum productivity from the work force by and by it has been allocated. This involves the complex motivational factors bear on individual, group and organization performance. occupation Analysis Concept and Meaning business concern( digest is the process of unfavorablely evaluating the operation, duties and relationship of the channels. It is a procedure by which facts of each line of descent are systematically discovered and noted. personal line of credit analysis reveals lightly what is being done and who can do it. short letter analysis can be defined as obtaining training just about jobs. Generally, job analysis involves the following steps a) solicitation and recording job cultureb) Checking the job information for accuracyc) Writing job descriptions based on the informationd) Using the information to determine what skill, abilities, and knowledge are required on the job and e) Updating the information from time to time. air analysis is a procedure, by which pertinent information is obtained about a job, i.e. it is a detailed and systematic instruction of information relating to the operations and responsibilities of a specific job. It is the determination of the t asks which comprise the job and of the skills, knowledge, abilities, and responsibilities required of the worker for a successful performance and which differentiate one job from another. It is the systematic assembly of all the facts about a job. The purpose is to study the individual elements and duties. All information related to salary and benefits, working hours and conditions, veritable(prenominal) tasks and responsibilities are required for the job analysis. The immediate products of job analysis are job descriptions and job specifications.Uses of Job AnalysisOrganizational Design Job analysis is useful in classifying jobs and interrelationship among them. Responsibility equal with authority and accountability for various jobs can be specified so as to minimize duplication or overlapping. In order to improve organizational efficiency, sound decisions concerning hierarchical positions and functional differentiation can be taken on the basis of information obtained through jo b analysis. Human Resource Planning Job analysis provides useful information for forecasting manpower requirements in terms of knowledge and skills. It also helps in planning for promotions and transfers by indicating lateral and vertical relationships between different jobs. Job analysis helps in determining quality of human resources required in an organization. It also facilitates division of work. Therefore, job analysis is an essential element of effective human resource planning. Recruitment and Selection Information relating to the tasks, responsibilities, knowledge and skills serves as a realistic basis for hiring people. Job vacancy is advertised on the basis of job description and job specification. Job analysis provides understanding of what an employee is judge to do on the job. Such understanding serves as the basis for meaningful forecast of job performance. Selection methods are based upon such forecasts.Placement and Orientation A clear understanding of job requirem ents helps in matching these requirements with the abilities, interests and aptitudes of people. Each job can be designate to the person who is best suited for it. Similarly, the orientation program can be geared towards helping the employee suss out the activities, tasks and duties that are required to perform a given job more effectively. Training and Development Job analysis provides valuable information required to identify training needs, to design training programs and to evaluation training effectiveness. A clear idea of what is required on a job helps in deciding what is to be learnt and how. Similarly, employee development programs such as job rotation, job enlargement and job enrichment are based an analysis of job requirements.Performance Appraisal Job analysis helps in determining performance patterns in critical parts of a job. Employee performance can then be evaluated against known standards and critical activities. The superior can compare actual performance with the standards set with the help of job analysis. Career Path Planning Job analysis provides a clear idea of opportunities in terms of career paths and jobs available in the organization. With the help of such understanding, employees and the organization both can make efforts for career planning and career development. Job Evaluation Job analysis serves as the basis for determining the relative worth of different jobs. It therefore helps in developing appropriate wage and salary structures, with internal pay equity between jobs.Labor dealing Information obtained through job analysis is helpful to both management and trade unions for collective bargaining. It can also be used to resolve disputes and grievances relating to work load, work procedures, etc. Employee Counseling Job analysis provides information about career choices and personnel limitations. Such information is helpful in vocational instruction and rehabilitation counseling. Employees who are unable to cope with the ha zards and demands of given jobs may be advised to opt for accessory jobs or to seek premature retirement. Health and Safety Job analysis reveals unhealthy and hazardous environmental and operational conditions in various jobs. Heat, noise, dust, fumes, etc. are examples of such conditions. On the basis of such information management can develop measures to ensure the health and safety of employees.Sources of Information for Job Analysis concord to George R. Terry, the make-up of a job, its relation to other jobs, and its requirements for competent performance are essential information needed for a job analysis. Information on a job may be obtained from three head sources i) from the employees who actually perform a jobii) from other employees such as supervisors and foremen who watch the workers doing a job and thereby acquire knowledge about it and iii) from outside observers specially appointed to watch employees performing a job. Such outside persons are called the trade job an alyst. Sometimes, special job reviewing committees are also established.Methods of Collecting Job DataFour methods or approaches are utilized in analyzing jobs. These are a) Personal rumination The materials and equipment used, the working conditions and probable hazards, and an understanding of what the work involves are the facts which should be known by an analyst. b) Sending out questionnaires This method is usually employed by engineering consultants. Properly drafted questionnaires are sent out to job holders for completion and are returned to supervisors. However, the information received is often unorganized and incoherent. The idea in issuing questionnaire is to elicit the necessary information from job holders so that any error may first be discussed with the employee and, after due corrections, may be submitted to the job analyst.c) Maintenance of Long Records The employee maintains a daily record of duties he performs, marking the time at which each task is started an d finished. But this system is incomplete, for it does not give us any desirable data on supervisor relationship, the equipment used, and working conditions, Moreover, it is time consuming. d) Personal interviews May be held by the analyst with the employees, and answers to relevant questions may be recorded. But the method is time consuming and costly. However, it may be noted that if a particular job is simple and repetitive, observation may be the only technique required. Otherwise, in most cases, interviews coupled with observation constitute the desirable approach. Caroll L. Shartle, Otis and Lenhert have provided the following suggestions for making the job analysis task simple a. Introduce yourself so that the worker knows who you are and why you are there b. Show a sincere interest in the worker and the job that is canvass c. Do not try to tell the employee how to do his jobd. Try to talk to the employees and supervisors in their own language e. Do not confuse the work w ith the workers f. Do a complete job study within the objectives of the programs and g. Verify the job information obtained.Sources of Information about JobsThere are some sources that provide job information. These sources are basically divided into two parts. One is non human source and another is human source. a)Non human Sources existing job descriptions and specifications, equipment maintenance records, equipment design blueprints, architectural blueprints of work area, films of employees working, training manuals and other job training materials popular literature such as magazines or newspapers etc. b) Human Sources Job analysts Job incumbents and Job experts.Job Description Meaning and CriteriaJob description is a written tale that defines the duties, responsibilities, relationships and results expected of anyone in the job. It is an overall view of what is to be done in the job. Typically it includes is a written statement that defines the duties, relationships and results expected of anyone in the job. It is an overall view of what is to be done in the job. Typically it includes job human action, date, title of immediate supervisor, statement of the purpose of the job, primary responsibilities, list of typical duties and responsibilities, signature of the person who has prepared the job description and general Information related to the job (i.e. training requirements, tool use, transportation etc.).Criteria of a superior Job Description1) A job description must be up-to-date 2) A standard form should be used for all jobs and positions with each category 3) The title should be apt 4) The job summary should give a birds-eye view of primary responsibilities it should be uncluttered by detail 5) Detailed description of duties should be as concise as is compatible with completeness 6) The language should be simple, clear and concise.

High School and Social Support Essay

The purpose of the deliberate was to determine possible differences in leadership behaviors, using the revise Leadership for Sport Scale (RLSS), between male and female cultivatees and among various teach levels. The researchers submitted two hypotheses. The front possibility was that male and female coaches would respond differently to the RLSS in overall leadership behaviors. The second hypothesis was that differences on the RLSS would occur among coaching levels junior lofty, high school, and college.The sample was nonrandom, including 162 coaches that were chosen on a pop the questionbasis. Within the sample, 118 (0. 73) of the coaches were male, while 44 (0. 27) were female. With regard to coaching level, 25 (0. 15) were junior high coaches, 99 (0. 61) high school, and 38 (0. 24) at the college level. While this is a good sample size, the problem lies with the distribution of the sample. The sample piece for junior high coaches, in particular, is rather low. A large sample with regard to all categories would pitch aided in the data psychoanalysis, particularly when looking for possible interactions between gender and coaching level.The actor utilized was the Revised Leadership for Sport Scale (RLSS) developed by Zhang, Jensen, and Mann in 1996. This scale is utilize to measure six leadership behaviors training and instruction, democratic, autocratic, social support, positive feedback, and situational consideration. The scale uses 60 statements, which were preceded by In coaching, I A Likert scale was then inclined for each statement 1 = never 2 = seldom 3 = at times 4 = often and 5 = always.This produced an ordinal level data set. Scales were administered in a number of environmental settings classrooms, gymnasiums, practicefields, and offices. The intimate consistency for each section was calculated 0. 84 for training and instruction 0. 66 for democratic 0. 70 for autocratic 0. 52 for social support 0. 78 for positive feedback and 0. 69 for situational consideration. There was no information, however, regarding the hardship of the RLSS. A MANOVA was used to analyze the data for differences between male and female coaches with regard to leadership behaviors. This is non consistent with the type of data collected.The RLSS used a Likert scale (ordinal), yet a MANOVA would be mostapplic sufficient for normally distributed, quantitative data. The analysis showed in that respect were no significant differences between male and female coaches in overall leadership behaviors. When the six leadership styles were examined separately, there was a significant difference in social support between males and females. In general, females scored practically higher than did the male coaches. A MANOVA was overly used to examine the data for differences between the three levels of coaching (junior high, high school, and college) with regard to leadership behavior in general.There were significant differences between the three le vels. When time out down the six behaviors and examining them individually, an ANOVA was used to analyze the data. Again, because the data for the RLSS is ordinal, an ANOVA is not the best analysis tool. The three coaching levels scored differently on three of the six behaviors democratic behaviors, training and instruction, and social support. gritty school coaches scored much higher than college level coaches in democratic behavior. Junior high coaches were significantly unhorse in training and instruction than either high school or college coaches.Junior high coaches withal demonstrated a lesser degree of social support than either the high school or college coaches. A MANOVA was again used to analyze the data for any interaction between gender and coaching level with regard to overall leadership behavior. Once again, a better analysis method could gestate been chosen based on the nature of the data collected. The results indicated no significant interactions. The ecological generaliziability for the study is more or less high. The surveys were mailed out, and returned on a volunteer basis. However, due to the nonrandom nature of the sample,the results would not generalizable beyond the 162 participants in the study. There was no rig size is listed for the study. In order to reduce threats to internal validity, the participants were asked to respond frankly and confidentiality was stressed so that the coaches might feel more at ease in responding. No separate efforts were indicated. The researchers mention that the scales were given in a variety of settings. This could present a threat to the internal validity in that participants might not have been entirely focused on completing the scale, but instead on coordinating practice, completingpaperwork, etc.There are a number of other factors that could assemble the internal validity of the study, yet were not addressed by the researchers. Coaching experience would greatly effect the responses of th e participants, yet this was not considered in the study. The gender of the athletes may be a contributing factor to the coaches responses. It is not unreasonable to suppose that coaches of female athletes, particularly at the junior high and high school levels, leave demonstrate more social support than those of male athletes.The nature of thesport could also be critical. real coaching styles are more applicable for individual sports (wrestling, track, and tennis) than for team sports (football, soccer, and basketball). The socioeconomics and population of the school itself could play a factor. Certain schools have better athletes and architectural plans in a particular sport, while others may not be able to field a winning team. In addition, at the high school level, coaches are occasionally asked/forced to work with a program they have no knowledge of or desire to coach due to staffingshortages.This could dramatically influence a coachs response to the scale questions. The re port of the program as well as the individual coachs personal coaching history could greatly influence responses. If the program has had several losing seasons in a row, perhaps the attitude of the coach could be different than that of a coach who has recently won a state title. An additional set of questions regarding the personal history of the coach in question could have helped reduce many of these threats. With additional information, theresearchers may have been able to use a modified matching system when analyzing the results.By increasing the number of independent variables to take things such as coaching experience and gender of the athletes, the researchers could have reduced some of the potential threats to internal validity. In addition, bringing coaches together to a common setting could have reduced location threat. Coaches stir seasonally for clinics. Perhaps obtaining permission to administer the survey during these meetings would have been possible. It would have also been possible to in reality go to individualschools and meet with the coaches as a group to administer surveys.This method would have given a good cross-section of gender and coaching experience for a variety of sports. While the study has merit, the methods need to be re-evaluated. The power of the study needs to be increased by obtaining a larger sample size. The numerous potential threats to internal validity need to be addressed and minimized where possible. It would also be helpful to be given data regarding the validity of the RLSS. Without these, it is impossible to evaluate the potential meaningfulness of this study.

How to establish the communication Essay

Every atomic number 53 has different needs and styles in which they conduct. There be also many different shipway in which we may establish these converse needs, wishes and preferences. A good way to begin to understand a patients needs, wishes and preferences is to guide their notes and historys to see if this contains any relevant information. For example, if I read that a patient has hearing problems, I would then know to make sure that I let out to the patient clearly and slowly and look at them so they can read my lips. Other ways to establish communication needs, wishes and preferences is by interacting with the patient and through conversation I learn how to best communicate with the patient. It is also important to remember to be clear and concise in all forms of communication, especially when running(a) with people with learning disabilities, where they might get confused if I speak too quickly or use too complex language.It may benefit, if this is the case, to use y our body language to help explain what you are trying to say and to emphasise the tone of the conversation. Also, pictures can be used to help the patient and myself understand. For example, one of my patients uses cards that display what emotions they are feeling, they will use these to communicate how they are feeling. In the past, I afford worked with a patient who is deaf. For me to establish what her needs were, I first spoke to the nurse in stick and they informed me she was deaf, however, could sign or write things down. As I could not sign, our preferred form of communication was writing, which after spending time together worked quite well.

19th Century Rural New England Family Essay

19th light speed rural New England family was a protrusion of knuckle down-master relationship that affected all facets of American socio-cultural life. The narrative of Frederick Douglass learn that interracial relationships between a slave woman and male master were common but these relationships neer got any social or religious sanctity. Douglass portrayal of his mother clearly indicates the relationship with her master provided no solace to him but rather aggravated her pathos and miseries.It further manifest that such relationships were not found on any mutual warmth but were a manifestation of gratification of their (masters) wicked desires juicy as well as pleasurable. (p. 166) The slave child, production of this relationship, was not entitled to any privileges or rights, socially or legally. So it was quite likely that the children of slave women shall in all cases follow the conditions of their mothers (p. 167)These slave children were similarly deprived of maternal a ffection as it was a common custom, in the part of doc, to part children from their mothers at a very early age. Frequently, before the child had reached its twelfth month, its mothers is taken from it, and chartered bulge out on some farm a considerable distance off (p. 165) The mother-children relations were accessible but they were not allowed to meet quite often as Douglass himself saw his mother five or six times during her lifetime.See moreThe 3 Types of Satire EssayThe relationship never create as there was very little communication between mothers and their children. These children were similarly kept ignorant of their birthdates and parentage. They were also shorn of basic necessities of life like clothing, lodging and nutrition. Furthermore, these slave-children were subjected to amplified hardship as compared with other slaves because they were a continual offence to their mistress. This also highlights that 19th century rural family of New England was not solely pa triarchic but women had immense influence in the affair of household.For example, Douglass writes, The master is frequently compelled to sell this class of his slaves, out of deference to the feeling of his white wife. (p. 166) Similarly, relationship with other member of his parental family were used to be harsh and they were used to undergo harsh treatment and whipping by their white brothers quite frequently. There was no intimacy between slave brothers and sisters and their mutual relationship never developed due the absence of a central tie i. e. parentage.On the other hand, it is illustrated that the role of slave woman in the community were special to heavy toil and labor at plantations, fulfillment of masters lusts and sexual desires whenever needed. Their emotional, psychological and affable health was never taken into consideration. The relations of these slave girls and slave children to the community were totally utilitarian and totalistic as they were used as tool to increase the agricultural production and to satisfy the savage desires and popular formations of the masters respectively.These slaves were regarded as an entity that was included in their (masters) property rights and were sanctioned by socio-legal system. So in the panoptic social perspective, slaves acted as economic instruments and this subordination was characterized not only by commercial necessities but also by psychological phenomenon i. e. to satisfy the human propensities by subjecting them harsh punishments.

Greek Gods in Antigone

Charles Wallace Mrs. Lopale CP English 10 7 may 2012 The Greek Gods and Their Role in Antig oneness The Greek gods were thought of as the most effective forces to ever divulgelast in antiquated times. In turn, they played a pivotal role in the Greek messs lives. Their power and influence over the Greek people is evident in umteen of the stories in Greek literature. genus genus genus Zeus, Poseidon, and sin, the most the right way Greek gods, each played a part in the apologue of Antigone by Sophocles. Through place the play, God refers to Zeus, the mogul of gods. Antigones main motive for defying Creon is that she does non think Creon is doing what the gods would want. Which of us can say what the gods hold wicked. That quote means that Antigone does not think people can picture the way gods think. Haimon references Zeus when asking Creon not to punish Antigone too harshly. Creon swears to the gods that he will kill Antigone in front of Haimon. At the end of the play, C reon realizes that the laws of the gods are mighty, and a man must serve them to the last daylight of his life. The messenger in any case prayed to Persephone and Hades to beg that Haimon and Antigone are still alive. Antigone knew that she would die if she went against Creon, but figured disrespecting the gods was more dangerous.She had so much faith in the gods that she never doubted that she was doing the right thing I know I am pleasing those I should please most. Although the gods were rarely directly mentioned, they were in control of mostly e trulything. (Sophocles. ) on that point are three main Greek gods, Zeus, Poseidon, and Hades. They are the most powerful gods because they are the male childs of the most powerful titan, Cronus. They rule the three domains of Earth. Zeus is king of the sky and heavens, Poseidon is king of the sea, and Hades is the ruler of the Underworld.They got assigned their domains in a random draw. (Gall. ) Zeus is the king of all the gods. He controls the sky and heaven domain, and is the most powerful of all the gods. His weapon is a thunderbolt, in which he uses to cast lightening down at people. The eagle, scepter, or the lightning bolt is usually used as a symbol for Zeus. The Oak tree is also a sacred symbol of his. Greek mortals made many sacrifices to him and built many sanctuaries in his honor. In ancient Greece, any mortal who claimed to be a child of Zeus gained instant respect from the other mortals.He was also looked at as not just one of the many gods, but God himself. Zeus has been mentioned in nearly every work of ancient Greek literature that has survived to the presend day. (Gall. ) Zeus story is a lot like Oedipus, Antigones father, story. Uranus, the first king of the universe, and Gaea, the Earth mother, made a prophecy that Zeus would become king of the gods. Cronus knew that one day, one of his sons would overthrow him, so he swallowed every child that his wife, Rhea, gave have to. However, when the sixth child was born, Rhea hid him and tricked Cronus in to swallowing a stone instead.She fled to the island of Crete and left Zeus there, fearing for her safety. When Zeus grew up, he knew he was ready to defeat his father. He knew he would need held, though, so he got his wife, Metis, to feed Cronus a herb that would make him throw all of Zeus brothers and sisters up. It worked, and Hera, Demeter, Poseidon, Hades, and Hestia were freed. Together, they all defeated Cronus, and Zeus was the new king of the gods. (Gall. ) Poseidon is the Greek god of the sea. He is known for being violent and moody, and he carried a three-pronged spear called a trident.The horse and dolphin are considered his sacred animals. Poseidon is often referred to as the Earth shaker, because he sends out earthquakes when he is not happy. He is also the son of Cronus and Rhea, and is the second most powerful god. He is one of the three supreme gods of the Earth. (Gall. ) In one of his temper tantrums, Po seidon realized he was not happy with his nautical domain, and wanted to try and overthrow his brother, Zeus, and become king of the gods himself. Poseidon asked for help from Apollo, the god of light and music. Together, they bound Zeus with chains.Zeus had too much strength and power and freed himself very quickly. Zeus was furious with Apollo and Poseidon. As punishment, he sent them to work as laborers for Laomedon, the king of Troy, a city in what is now considered Turkey. Laomedon promised a very regretful reward if they could build a wall around the city of Troy. However, after they built the wall, Laomedon refused to honor his system and did not pay them for their work. In turn, Poseidon and Apollo sent a plague and a sea monster to set aside the city of Troy. (Gall. ) Hades is the Greek God and ruler of the Underworld.He is often associated with wealth and agriculture. He is also the son of Cronus and Rhea and the third most powerful Greek god. Unlike his two brothers, his realm cannot be seen by anyone living. The Greeks believe that his name, Hades, means The Unseen One. He is the only god that does not live on surface Olympus he has his own glittering palace made of pure gold and gems in the Underworld. The Greeks believe that when mortals die, their souls go to the Underworld. The Underworld is thought of as a dark and gloomy place, with ghosts flittering around everywhere.When the dead entered the Underworld, they drank from the river Lethe to forget their lives on Earth. That is when they become ghosts. Hades is often considered the evil god by many of the Greeks. (Gall. ) Hades lived a very lonely life alone in the Underworld. He had an infatuation with a specific goddess, Persephone, daughter of Demeter, the goddess of harvest. Hades kidnapped Persephone and made her his queen. For years, Persephone demanded that she be brought back to her mother, but Hades did not listen. Demeter demanded that she would not allow anything to grow for th e mortals until Persephone had been returned.As the mortals started suffering, Zeus decided it was time to step in. He demanded that Hades let Persephone go. Persephone had already eaten the fruit of the Underworld, though and could not return. Zeus made a deal with Hades that Persephone had to stay in the Underworld for six months out of the year, and could stay with her mother the other half. (Gall. ) The Greek gods played a big role in many of the lives in ancient Greece. Although they are not as well known or referenced at once in Greece, they play a big part in the literature and history of Greece.Works Cited Sophocles. Antigone. Glencoe Literature. Ed. Jeffrey D. Wilhelm, Douglas Fisher, Beverly Ann Chin, and Jacqueline Jones Rayster. Comlubus, OH Glencoe/McGraw Hill, 2009. Gall, Timothy and Susan. Zeus. The capital of Nebraska Library of Greek and Roman Mythology. Vol. 5. Cleveland Eastward, 2006. Gall, Timothy and Susan. Poseidon. The capital of Nebraska Library of Greek and Roman Mythology. Vol. 5. Cleveland Eastward, 2006. Gall, Timothy and Susan. Hades. The Lincoln Library of Greek and Roman Mythology. Vol. 5. Cleveland Eastward, 2006.