Assess The Level Of Anemia Health And Social Care Essay

This chapter discusses the findings of the survey derived from the descriptive and illative statistics. The survey was conducted to measure the effectivity of Beta vulgaris rubra mush on anaemia among adolescent misss at selected schools, Salem.Description of the demographic variablesThe demographic variables were collected through Structured Questionnaire and anaemia was assessed by Sahlis Hemoglobinometer graduated table. The degree of anaemia was assessed before and after disposal of beetroot mush. The research worker found that in experimental group, 19 ( 63.33 % ) were in the age group of 15 old ages and in control group 19 ( 63.33 % ) were in the age group of 14 old ages. This survey was supported by, Thankachen et Al ( 2008 ) he did the survey to gauge the prevalence of anaemia among adolescent misss. In this survey 296 adolescent misss were studied between the age group of 10-19 old ages and concluded that 60-70 % of adolescent misss were anaemic between the age group of 13 to 15 old ages. In experimental group 18 ( 60 % ) were analyzing in 10th criterion and in control group 15 ( 50 % ) were analyzing in 9th criterion. In experimental group, 23 ( 76.67 % ) non-vegetarian whereas in control group 25 ( 83.33 % ) were non -vegetarian. In experimental group, 25 ( 83.33 ) were taking 3 times nutrient per twenty-four hours and in control group 25 ( 83.33 ) were taking 3 times nutrient per twenty-four hours. In experimental group 29 ( 96.67 % ) were taking jammed tiffin from place and in control group 30 ( 100 % ) all of them were taking jammed tiffin from place. In experimental group 22 ( 73.33 % ) had regular catamenial rhythm and in control group 22 ( 73.33 % ) had regular catamenial rhythm. In experimental group 15 ( 50 % ) had normal catamenial flow and in control group 9 ( 30 % ) had regular & A ; inordinate catamenial flow.The first aim of the survey was to measure the degree of anaemia among adolescent misssDuring pretest in the experimental group 15 ( 50 % ) samples had mild and moderate anaemia. In control group bulk of them 19 ( 63 % ) had mild anaemia and 11 ( 36.67 % ) had moderate anaemia. During posttest in experimental group bulk of them 21 ( 70 % ) had mild anemia, 2 ( 6.66 ) had moderate anaemia and 7 ( 23.33 % ) had no anaemia. In control group bulk of them 19 ( 63.33 % ) had mild anaemia and 11 ( 36.67 % ) had moderate anaemia. Rohini et al. , ( 2007 ) conducted survey to measure the prevalence of anaemia among adolescent misss in 16 slums at Pune. 1142 Adolescents were selected as samples. Data aggregation was done based on bio physiological steps, dietetic history, morbidity history, anthropometric steps, and ingestion of locally available Fe rich nutrients. The consequence showed that 1.3 % of misss were badly anaemic and 58 % of misss were reasonably anaemic ( P & lt ; 0.01 ) in the survey population.The 2nd aim was to measure the effectivity of Beta vulgaris rubra mush on anaemia among adolescent misss in experimental group.In experimental group, the posttest average mark of anaemia was 10.53AÂ ±0.65 and in control group the mean mark was 9.76AÂ ±0.29. The ‘t ‘ value was 5.31* which showed that Beta vulgaris rubra mush was effectual in bettering the hemoglobin degree among adolescent misss in experimental group. Therefore hypothesis H1 was retained at P & lt ; 0.05 degree. Fsaumi, ( 2003 ) conducted an experimental survey to measure the effectivity of Beta vulgaris rubra juice on anaemia. The topics were 20 adolescent misss in the age group of 12- 16 old ages who were divided into two groups, 10 as experimental and 10 as control group. The misss of the experimental group were given nutritionary addendum Beta vulgaris rubra ( 50gm | twenty-four hours ) for a period of 25 yearss and the control group was given placebo for the same period. Diet form was same for all the 20 topics. Consequence showed that there was an addition in the serum haemoglobin degree ( 72 % ) and folic acid ( 68 % ) degree in the experimental group after the disposal of beetroot supplementation ( m=10.31, SD=1.32146 ) irrespective of their demographic variables and the obtained ‘t ‘ value ( t = 9.39, P & lt ; 0.05 ) was important. It is concluded that the addition in serum haemoglobin degrees irrespective of their demographic variables in the experimental group as compa red to command group was decidedly due to the consequence of Beta vulgaris rubra supplementation.The 3rd aim was to tie in the pretest tonss on anaemia among adolescent misss in experimental and control group with their selected background variables.In experimental and control group there was no association between the pretest tonss on anaemia and their selected background variables at P & lt ; 0.05 degree.DrumheadThe treatment was made in this chapter based on the aims of the survey and its relation with similar surveies conducted by other research workers. All the three aims have been obtained. The first formulated hypothesis was retained and 2nd hypothesis was rejected in this survey.CHAPTER-VISUMMARY, CONCLUSION, IMPLICATIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONSThis chapter consists of four subdivisions. In the first two subdivisions, the sum-up and the decision were presented. In the last two subdivisions, the deductions for nursing pattern and the recommendations for farther research were pres ented.DrumheadThe intent of this survey was to measure the effectivity of Beta vulgaris rubra mush on anaemia among adolescent misss at selected schools, Salem. True experimental pretest and posttest design was chosen for this survey. 60 samples were selected ( 30 in experimental 30 in control group ) from Govt. High. School, Poolaveri and Govt. High. School, Veerapandi, Salem through systematic random trying technique from which information was collected through demographic proforma and Sahlis Hemoglobinometer. The information was analysed by utilizing descriptive and illative statistics. To prove the hypothesis, independent ‘t ‘ trial and chi-square was used. The P & lt ; 0.05 degree of significance was used to prove the hypothesis. In pretest, in experimental group 15 ( 50 % ) had mild anaemia and 15 ( 50 % ) had moderate anaemia. In control group 19 ( 63.33 % ) had mild anaemia and 11 ( 36.67 % ) had moderate anaemia. In posttest, in experimental group 21 ( 70 % ) had mild anemia, 2 ( 6.66 ) had moderate anaemia and 7 ( 23.33 % ) had no anaemia. In control group 19 ( 63.33 % ) had mild anaemia and 11 ( 36.67 % ) had moderate anaemia. In experimental group, the average pretest mark on anaemia was 9.48AÂ ±0.81, posttest mark was 10.53AÂ ±0.65, with a difference of 1.05. In the control group, the pretest mean mark was 9.64AÂ ±0.53, and posttest mean mark was 9.76AÂ ±0.29 with a difference of 0.12. In experimental group, the posttest average mark of anaemia was 10.53AÂ ±0.65 and in control group the mean mark is 9.76AÂ ±0.29. The ‘t ‘ value was 5.31 which shows that Beta vulgaris rubra mush was effectual in bettering the hemoglobin degree among adolescent misss in experimental group. Therefore hypothesis H1 was retained at P & lt ; 0.05 degree. In experimental and control group there was no association between the pretest tonss on anaemia and their selected demographic variables at P & lt ; 0.05 degree. Hence the formulated hypothesis H2 was rejected at P & gt ; 0.05 degree.DecisionThis survey was done to measure the effectivity of Beta vulgaris root mush on anaemia among adolescent misss at selected schools, Salem. The consequence of this survey showed that Beta vulgaris rubra mush was effectual in bettering hemoglobin degree among adolescent misss in experimental group. There was no important association between the pretest tonss on anaemia and their selected background variables in experimental and control group. Hence formulated hypothesis H2 was rejected at P & gt ; 0.05 degreeDeductionsAnemia is the commonest wellness job among adolescent misss. Hence there is a demand to hold nutritionary supplementation for direction of anaemia. The consequence of the survey proved that Beta vulgaris rubra mush can be used efficacio usly in the nutritionary direction of anaemia.Nursing service:Regular showing of school kids can be arranged by school wellness nurse to observe anaemia and forestall its patterned advance. Educate the benefits of Fe rich diet and its function in bar and control of anaemia. Nutritional intercessions can be introduced as a primary manner of intercession by the nurses for the intervention of anaemia. The school wellness nurses can set up nutritionary supplementation Sessionss for school kids particularly for adolescent misss. Continuous instruction to the school instructors sing importance of nutritionary supplementation are necessary for cut downing the prevalence of malnutrition including anaemia. All the anaemic persons can be taught about the importance of taking Fe rich diet by small town wellness nurse.Nursing instruction:Nurse pedagogues could stress the construct of school wellness and encourages pupil nurses to appreciate the function of the nurse as an pedagogue of the school kids. Nurse pedagogue should take enterprise in forming go oning instruction plan for nurses on effectivity of Beta vulgaris rubra mush in direction of anaemia. Motivate the pupils to update the cognition on assorted invention attacks in intervention modes for anaemia.Nursing disposal:Necessary disposal support can be provided to carry on plans on bar of anaemia. Form in-service instruction sing anaemia and its effects for community wellness workers and school instructors to cut down its impact on wellness position of kids. The nurse decision maker coordinates her work along with the staffs, to promote them to make selected alternate nutritionary steps like Beta vulgaris rubra mush in the direction of anaemia.Nursing research:Nursing research demand to be done to happen out assorted other nutritionary steps in order to cut down prevalence of anaemia among adolescent misss. Research can be done on assorted populations at assorted scenes.RecommendationsA similar survey can be conducted with prenatal female parents. An extended descriptive survey can be conducted to measure the prevalence of anaemia among adolescent misss. A similar survey can be done for kids ‘s of other age groups and grownups. A comparative survey can be done to find the effectivity of nutritionary intercession vs. pharmacological intercession on anaemia A Similar survey can be conducted by utilizing one group pretest and posttest design. A similar survey can be conducted in urban schools. A similar survey can be conducted in rural and urban communities.DrumheadThis chapter dealt with drumhead, decision, deductions for nursing and recommendations.

Contingencies to Airasia’s Marketing Strategy Essay

Suggest three contingencies AirAsia should consider and rationalize your choice. What are the main modifications to the current marketing strategy should AirAsia undertake to respond to these contingencies. There are number of threats that AirAsia faces thus it should have well-prepared contingency plans in case certain situations occur. The following part focuses on analyzing three main contingencies that AirAsia should take into consideration as well as the modifications to the current marketing strategy that it would have to make to respond in case certain events occur. What if price war happens†¦Ã‚  To compete with the rivals, each airline introduced its own strategy. Famous full service carriers like Singapore Airlines and Thai Airways have set up low cost subsidiaries. Malaysia Airlines launched competitive promotion scheme while independent low-cost airlines like Valuair focused on improving customer services through offering additional benefits to customers. Obviously, the harsh competitiveness in the region strengthens the probability that price war might happen. Price war happens when almost all airline companies simultaneously start to reduce their prices and the region’s aviation industry as a whole fails to deliver profit. Price war might have a serious impact on AirAsia if it, together with other airlines in the region, starts to reduce its prices to compete. Customers now will have various choices and would be able to switch to the airlines that offer them the best price as well as best service. If price war does happen, AirAsia should make the following modification to its current strategy: Increase customer satisfaction by improving on-flight service quality as discussed in depth in the third paragraph of question one. What if customers decide to switch to other airlines†¦ Air Asia now has to face up with increasing competition not only from low cost subsidiaries of full service carries but also from the emergence of independent low cost airlines. With the increasing emergence of new airlines which provide customers with not only low fares but also â€Å"a level of service far beyond that expected†, the probability that customers switch to other airlines is very high. Recently, AirAsia has been receiving many complaints from passengers who are unsatisfied with the service quality. Focusing intensively on keeping costs low, AirAsia neglected the satisfaction and convenience of its customers. Thus, the company should consider the possibility that customers might switch to other airlines. In this case the following modifications to the strategy should be made: AirAsia should offer incentives for the customers to stay with the company by introducing frequent flyer bonus miles. To motivate customers’, AirAsia can also offer membership cards which would provide them not only with additional miles but also with regular customers’ discount on specific flights to specific destinations or at special period of time. What if AirAsia is unsuccessful in entering new markets such as China and India†¦ AirAsia is now looking for expanding routes to other countries in the region and China and India are a huge potential. However, these markets have completely different economies and therefore there is a probability that the market will not support a new airline. Also, for example, when going to China – a huge market, AirAsia needs to be ready to face tough competition. Besides good reputation in the market, well-established airlines in China such as China Airline, Cathay Pacific, etc. are offering very high quality service to customer. In addition to that in the meantime, AirAsia has to compete with many tough competitors in its local market. Thus, there is possibility that AirAsia might not take the lead when entering new markets and might not be able to reach its targets in new markets. Therefore, AirAsia should take into account the possibility of low demand and be ready to make modifications to its strategy in order to respond: The Olympic Games 2008 would be a great opportunity for AirAsia to strengthen its image in customers’ mind. To take this advantage, AirAsia should organize some activities to promote the company. Other big companies will certainly promote itself through taking part in such activities as Olympic Sponsorship, On-Air advertisement, etc. AirAsia should choose a different tactic. Instead, it can create association between AirAsia and the Olympic through programs spread via mass media such as: design logo for AirAsia used during the Olympic time or organize a lottery program the prizes of which would be Olympic tickets or flying tickets inside China. AirAsia can also use other promotion programs like offering round trip tickets flying to cities where the Games would take place at the price of 1 reminbi (Chinese currency) for the first 10 customers buying tickets at a random period of time during 6 months before the Olympics. This should help build up the demand for AirAisa’ services among the customers and enhance its position in customers’ mind. To conclude, it is important for AirAsia to be aware of all contingencies that may happen during its operations and to be ready to apply modifications to the strategy to protect itself from any possible issues that might occur. These contingencies may not come to reality but it is essential to have contingency plans and to be able to make necessary modifications to the strategy in case of the price war, or lost of the customers, or difficulties entering the new markets in order to adapt to these changes and continue to operate successfully.

International Trade Operations Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

International Trade Operations - Essay Example ed many individual countries lowering the customs tariffs and other trade barriers resulting in the opening of new market opportunities for the operations of the trade. This opens new business prospects for the organizations dealing in the international business operations as it might prove favorable for Content Cow Dairy, Inc as well. Along with this, WTO always intends to implement the trade rules, policies and regulations in an appropriate manner based on the specifications of the countries thereby maintaining the transparency in the operations of the business. Along with this, WTO also tries to resolve the disputes associated amid trade relationships with the help of its varied rules and policies so as to ensure the free flowing of the business processes. This in turn enhances the satisfaction level and the reliability of the people over WTO. Apart from this, WTO also enhances and sustains the trading opportunities thereby improving the revenue of the countries (World Trade Organ ization, 2012). Hence, as WTO plays an essential part in trade related functions, these details are mandatory for you, in order to expand the business functions. Disputes are referred to as disregarding promises according to WTO. A dispute mainly arises when a country accepts a particular trade policy or acquires certain actions which are considered to be inappropriate by one or more fellow WTO members on the basis of the agreements. The procedure of settling the disputes in WTO is the responsibility of the Dispute Settlement Body, which comprises of all its expert members. WTO’s Dispute Settlement Body also includes certain stages which include consultation comprising of at least 60 days. Prior taking any actions, both the countries are asked to make mutual settlement of the dispute... The conclusion from this review states that the news of international expansion of Content Cow Dairy, Inc in order to enhance its reputation and brand image is one of the significant ideas which is highly appreciable. Notably, before expansion of the business dealing in dairy products in the market of Egypt, it is essential to obtain brief details about World Trade Organization (WTO) and its operations in the current structure of global markets. This is mandatory because many organizations dealing in the agricultural products are also highly penalized by WTO, thereby, increasing the tariffs, which rather proved detrimental for the business. The World Trade Organization (WTO) intends to manage and ease the global trade operations. The WTO is the only worldwide international association dealing with the policies and the rules of trade relationships existing amid two or more nations. At the heart are the accords of WTO, discussed and signed by the entire mass of the world’s tradi ng nations. Thus, WTO is an organization where the associated members of the government attempt to solve the global trade related issues so as to ease the operations. Industrialization is the procedure of social and economic alteration that transforms the trade relations of the country. As a result of the development of new expertise, skills and techniques, the knowledge of the human beings are also improving resulting in the augmentation of the international trade operations.

Audis pricing strategies in UK Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Audis pricing strategies in UK - Essay Example In order to understanding of how strategies have been applied by Audi, the section below provides a discussion of each of them. Audi has applied the price discount strategy by offering their vehicles at prices lower than the list prices (Nieuwenhuis, 2003, p. 189). The company also offers quantity discounts for suppliers purchasing vehicles in large quantities. For instance, S6 model may be retailing at a price of  £53,995 but customers buying in large quantities are offered a lower price of around  £53,000. This strategies aims at encouraging customers to buy in large volumes because there is the benefit of getting reduced prices for each unit. Sometimes a customer may make a credit purchase which takes some time to settle. Audi offers discounts for customers paying within a specified time period so as to encourage them to pay without much delay. Audi offers a variety of models that have unique features. Therefore, the company charges different prices for each of the models in order to reflect the benefits that customers can derive from each of them (Nieuwenhuis, 2003, p. 178). For instance, the S6 model will be offered at a price of  £53,995 while Q5 is offered at a lower price of  £31,880. This means that at a higher price of  £53,995, a customer will enjoy the use of a V8 engine that has deactivation technology. Going rate pricing strategy is applied when a company introduces prices similar to its direct competitors. Examples of Audi direct competitors include BMW, Aston Martin, and Chevrolet. The company has priced some of its model within the same range of what the direct competitors are offering. For instance, the Audi R8 is going for  £91,975 while the Aston Martin retails at  £90,995. Audi has a significant competitive advantage in the UK market in form of highly technology. The company is planning on introducing new S models that will have a unique feature of a V8 that

Case study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 45

Case Study Example A company that combines teamwork and motivation enjoys increased employee productivity that accrues from employee job satisfaction. Profit sharing is one of the motivational techniques that Semco uses. Semco gives one-quarter of the profits of its individual divisions to its employees. Also, Semco uses worker participation is an important element of employee motivation. Semco’s employees are involved in the processes of planning, decision-making, and implementation of business plans and ideas. Semco’s employee participation is captured in it policy manual that says, â€Å"Our philosophy is built on participation and involvement. Do not settle down. Give opinions, seek opportunities and advancement, always say what you think. Doesn’t be just one more person in the company† (Killian & Perez 1998). Semco’s use of shared profits and bonuses as a motivation technique is similar to that of SAP. SAP’s other monetary benefits to its employees are in terms of life assurance and pensions and Semco extends bonuses to its employees in terms of house allowances. The freedom allowed Semco’s employees resemble closely the freedom allowed SAP’s employees (BBC 2012). In both companies, there is flexibility in terms of working hours and employees are accorded the discretion to modify work to suit their convenience. A striking similarity between the two companies is the structure of their management. Their managements are not hierarchical and managers are not feared like in other organizations. A notable difference between Semco and SAP is that SAP extends its employee monetary benefits to their families. This way, SAP combines employees’ personal life and their work life (BBC 2012). On the other hand, Semco separates the two and any benefits that reach employees’ families are not purposively channelled. Semler believe that mixing employees’ work life with their family life is not good for business. Semler belief that combining the two can affect an

Short case study analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Short case study analysis - Essay Example However, his new policy did not work since operating manager including those in Daniels department continued to hire workers informally. David Hall was hired as a research engineer, and his name was presented to the president by a former vice president of engineering company who was not employed by that time. After three months seagle became suspicious about some irregularities in Hall’s background. Hall’s information about where he had undertaken his graduate and undergraduate engineering course was not true. Hall was very competent in his work, and the personnel did not know the strategy for changing the cart before the horse. SWOT analysis Strengths and weaknesses The company’s strength is seen in the fact that it is expecting an increase in of 200% in sales this is a very good margin. Despite giving false information in his application letter, Hall is a very competent professional and even the president wondered what the company would do without him. Personne l manager is a competent human resource manager since he sees the need for having a centralised policy for hiring and recruiting professionals. ... Identification of major problems The major problem in this case study is implementation of centralised policy of hiring professionals. Even after getting the go ahead of coming up with a new practice in his department, the new policy does not work, and other managers are still interfering with how recruitment and hiring is done. When Hall was being employed there was no formal interview done instead, he was called at a home office where a personal interview was done. This act underrated the personnel manager this he was not included in the interview. The interview was conducted by the president who does not have personnel skills and knowledge instead of the personnel director. Another challenge was the uncertainty of how to handle the critical information in Hall’s personnel file. Hall had shown a lot of competence in his work and the company as doing so well through his good work Significant factors Recruitment is one among the foremost vital elements of human resource manage ment, this function of management help to minimise any potential employee’s problems which may arise in the future. Adopting the centralised method is very vital for the organisation to avoid personal conflicts in terms of duties. Possible courses of action However, if the achievement is not done effectively then this may have wide reaching implications for the organisation future. Screening and talent Matching may be a specialist unit of personnel management function. Normally, the human resource manager should accompany the interview panel with an organisational intention of serving to line managers in creating choices on the quality of the candidates to the organisational culture. A

Melting Pot or Mess Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Melting Pot or Mess - Essay Example To some, it may seem sensible to tighten American borders, to remove those from the country who are here illegally, and to enforce a stricter sense of security throughout the nation. However, there is no realistic way to do this. Immigration foes who realize this have then put forth another, easier barrier against the foreign hordes: proposing legislation to make English the official language of the United States. Mauro Mujica is one of the supporters of the movement to make English the American language. He cited in his research polls that show that, throughout the developed world, over 90% of adults believe that learning English is necessary for children to succeed. Because English is the "language of business, higher education, diplomacy, aviation, the Internet, [and] science"(Mujica 1) among other fields, it is something that every child must learn. Mujica asserts two reasons why such an already pervasive language should be made the official language of the United States. First, governments that provide bilingual services ultimately create linguistic ghettos that immigrants cannot escape. Mujica cites the 2000 census results that showed over 21 million Americans classified as "limited English proficient" - almost 8% of the population (Mujica 2). When children grow up in homes where they are not required to learn English, they struggle receiving a basic elementary education in American schools, and are relegated to the economic opportunities left to those who cannot speak English. Second, the cost of multilingual accommodation is an unfair burden on the rest of society. Mujica cites the billions of dollars spent annually on multilingual education; the fact that 15% of Los Angeles County's election budget goes to multilingual ballots and poll workers; traffic accidents caused by foreign drivers not understanding English instructions and warnings (Mujica 3-4). It would seem that accommodating other languages is not an option that Americans can afford. However, given the fact that immigrants are not going to just up and leave, just like their predecessors from Italy, Germany, Ireland and Poland did not leave in the face of prejudice in the early 1900's, it can be argued that denying speakers of other languages access to government services could be even more costly than accommodating them is. Thomas Ricento agrees with Mujica's assertion that English is the language of success: he asserts that immigrants want to learn English as a supplement to their own languages, not as a replacement. He sees the linguistic enclaves not as ghettos but as nurturing communities providing a link between the old culture and the American one, much like the old neighborhoods in Northeastern cities that used to be separated by varying European backgrounds (Ricento 3). Additionally, while short-term social costs might decline if multilingual services were removed, the longer-term costs would skyrocket. Immigrants would not leave the country but would in stead let health problems worsen, leading to higher medical costs; their children might be forced out of their schools but would then cause problems later on as unemployed, uneducated adults (Ricento 5). Governor William Dempster Hoard of Wisconsin had this to say about the right of children to education in English: "The child

Persuasive Paper Research Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Persuasive - Research Paper Example s that the policy and rules regarding treating a young offender as an adult should be revived and, besides some public defender offices have launched and started a few novel programs too, likewise the advantages that are woven with this agenda are not only economical or equitable, but ethical/ moral and environmental. Initiating with the solution, the Bureau of Justice Assistance has posted suggestions for the designing and implementation of these new programs. All these various programs are driven to conceal the children who have, intentionally or unintentionally, committed felony from facing the prosecution in an adult court. This however, does not at all means that the young offender will be rescued from their act, but to deal with it in a way a juvenile should be dealt with, rather than imposing them on an intimidating and a daunting environment of an adult court. In addition to tis, the chief thing among all this execution of programs is that children be assist by the multidisciplinary personnel of which the attorney is one associate, and that the corresponding personnel will speak on behalf of the child from the beginning to the end (Allard & Young et al. 2002). Nonetheless, establishing programs to produce representative of the child is not enough; instead the history of the child and his life and circumstances surrounding him at the time of crime should be extensively analyzed. If and when the examination of the violation and the juvenile will be done, information that can help solves the case easily without taking it to the adult court (Allard & Young et al 2002). For instance, a fifteen year old had been sexually as well as physically abused in the house by his step-father and later during the time of act by the step-father and in order to save himself, the child kills him. Here, taking the child to be prosecuted in an adult court without examining his history and the circumstance during the time of killing can have a very adverse effect on the child,

Performance Related Pay in TYLT Mobile Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Performance Related Pay in TYLT Mobile - Essay Example In an attempt to practicalize Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs, Professor John Callaghan identified that most people aged between the mid-20s and the mid-30s with graduate and postgraduate qualifications and employment in top companies in modern urban settings tend to belong to Level 3 of the Maslow scale: The Social Belongingness Stage. This is because most of such persons have access to the basic physiological needs because most of them are from privileged backgrounds and have a lot of options and do not see some of these basic needs as necessary. Also, such persons have their social security needs are settled because they possess good qualifications and with the advantage of being young and energetic, such persons have a lot of prospects and have fewer limitations. Their needs are to build social lives like marriage, joining a strong network of friends and building business links. So the best rewards for them include socioeconomic rewards that would enable them to meet their needs. Als o, since these young employees have many options, they need hygienic factors that would make them happy in a given workplace and not necessarily motivators. This is because they often tend to select the best work environment and not just a work environment that pays well. The expectancy theory also implies that the effort of these young people who dominate the R&D department of TYLT Mobile will want to blend their individual needs which include entrenching their social belongingness needs into their expectations. These expectations would reflect in their performance at work and it would affect the outcome of TYLT Mobile's output. As such, it is reciprocal for TYLT Mobile to find a way of recognizing continuous improvement and rewarding them appropriately. This forms a hygienic factor which when

Guest speaker paper Movie Review Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Guest speaker paper - Movie Review Example The presentation seems to cover the fundamental aspects of marketing and their relevance in the hospitality industry. Incorporation of the modern advancement in information technology is highlighted by the guest speaker as instrumental in determining the success of hospitality industry. Marketing must therefore include comprehensive consumer feedback systems. This would help the hospitality company to make necessary adjustments and fill the demand gap which will go a long way in boosting the image of the firm. The speaker focusses on the need to adopt new hospitality and travel marketing management practices in order to remain relevant in the market (Nykiel,2012). Positioning is pointed out as a critical tool in enhancing the positive outcome in any marketing endeavors. This would be achieved through in-depth analysis of market trend and emerging consumer behavior. Market segmentation and 8Ps are explored by the speaker as they are considered core in boosting the overall set goals. E mbracing diverse cultural background of the hospitality consumer community is a strong variable when it comes to attaining customer satisfaction. The presentation has exhausted the expected marketing plan strategies and its impact in determining the success of an existing company or potential entrant. The speaker’s contribution in hospitality marketing offers an insight into the underlying concepts in organization success. Management practices and flexibility to emerging changes remains key in achieving short and long term goals. It is worth to note that intensifying competition in the hospitality industry calls for sound marketing plan. The plan must accommodate changes as market trend evaluation takes course. Hospitality and travel industry has experienced significant changes due to the influence of globalization (Nykiel, 2012). In essence, I believe the speaker’s ideas would be helpful in understanding the marketing management transition

Macbeth coursework act 3 scene 4 Essay Example for Free

Macbeth coursework act 3 scene 4 Essay Macbeth is so important in this scene because its all about him in this scene and every thing that happens is revolving round him. Before this Banquo was killed by Macbeths hired murderers. During this scene Macbeth, Lady Macbeth and the lords are in the dining hall. They are celebrating Macbeth becoming king of Scotland, Macbeth starts to make a toast to celebrate the event when one of the murderers runs in and tells him that Banquo is dead. Macbeth then says,to our beloved friend who will be greatly missed. After this Macbeth walks back to his seat to see Banquo sitting there in his seat reaching out to him drenched in blood. Macbeth is extremely shocked he drops his cup and gasps. Macbth starts to panic and walks back still staring at the seat where he saw Banquos apparition and says, dont shake thy gory locks at me. In this particular age people really believed in ghosts and the supernatural. They also believed that you really would go to hell if you committed mortal sins in your life .They also believed that only god could make a man into a king and only god could take his life and if anyone were to take it into their own hands would pay dearly. ` Everything was going considerably smoothly up until this point at the banquet. Everything before this was quite relaxed until an excited mood starts to kick in during the banquet and it gets the audience excited and ready for more exciting stuff to happen. It sets an edgy unrelaxed and chaotic mood. We learn that Macbeth is now at this stage very paranoid and scared. Scared that someone will find out about what he has done and scared of the consequences. He knows deep down that he will have to keep killing to cover all this up and that is what he scared of. He said he would rather face a tiger than to keep on fighting with these ghosts and apparitions. Lady Macbeth constantly tries to reassure Macbeth that everything is all right and tries to calm down the lords who are present throughout all the commotion. She assures the worried lords that he will be fine saying on a thought he will be alright again. Macbeth is loosing it and is saying things to the lords which of you have done this in a very accusing manner. Ross then seems very concerned for Macbeth as he says what sights my lord, because Macbeth is the only one in the room who can see this apparition. In other words Ross is asking what are you seeing in these hallucinations. Macduff does not attend the banquo because he suspects Macbeth to be up to something mischievous and becoming king so quickly. This does not help Macbeth and Duncans grudge between each other as we see them fight later on in the play. After the banquet Macbeth is talking to Lady Macbeth still very shaken and anxious by what happened he says to her it will have blood they say and blood will have blood. He also says, I am in blood steeped so far that should I wade no more returning were as tedious as go o er.Which basically means that that he is in this too deep now and he cant get out of the trouble he has landed himself in. Which is the constant state of paranoia guilty conciseness and regret he is in and cant get out of. The symbolism in this scene during the banquet is the ghost of Banquo. It is a symbol of Macbeths guilt and the terrible thing he has done to his one time good friend Banquo. The blood also shows symbolism in a way that blood will have more blood. It might mean he may have to keep killing if he wishes to remain out of the list of suspects of murderers In other words he will kill any who oppose him or try to prove that he was the one who killed banquo and king Duncan. There is a lot of dramatic effectiveness in this scene. The moods change very suddenly during the banquet scene when Macbeth was making a speech the last thing you thought you were going to see is the bloody ghost of Banquo sitting there calling out to Macbeth. And before this it was all merriment with the lords all gathered round the table eating drinking and chatting to each other and all of a sudden this happened. There was also a lot of dramatic effectiveness in the language that was used such as dont shake thy gory locks at me, they say blood will have blood, what man dare, I dare approach the rugged Russian bear, the armed rhino or the hyrcan tiger, take any shape but that my firm nerves shall never tremble. A lot of dramatic effectiveness was used to make this scene, powerful, shocking, gripping and in some parts frightening. A Shakespearean audience would be very surprised and excited watching a play of Macbeth. This is because back then the upper rich class who by the way would have been the only kind of people who would have seen this play, would not be as used to bloody and violent scenes as there are in Macbeth. So Shakespeare was in a way quite ahead of his time when it came to writing plays. On the other hand a modern audience would not in my opinion act too shocked at the frightening bits of this scene as modern society are more hardened toward violence. This scene is one of the main thrilling scenes in the play and I think that is important because it adds that thrilling element that I think a lot of plays and films need to not stay too boring and one noted. The Mcbeth play was written for the ruling king james who was in power at that time and for the rich audience of the shakespearian era.

Implementing Effective Line Management

Implementing Effective Line Management The relevance of the Human Resource Management (HRM) has been exceptionally important and pivotal in maintaining a smooth working atmosphere of an institution. In large organisation with thousands of employees, there are hierarchy of power and work distribution. As the number of employees increase, the importance of managing them efficiently and maintaining their morale becomes more crucial to maximise the productivity. All organisations have their own work culture, rules and regulations, formal and informal approaches in dealings with situations. The Human Resource (HR) policies define the flexibility of the functioning of its personnel in each of these issues. The scope and success of these depends largely on the line manager, as he acts as an intermediary point between the HRM and the normal employees. For Mintzberg and Quinn (1998), a managers general work involves performing regular duties like ritual and ceremony, negotiations, and the processing of soft information (Mintzberg and Quinn, 1998). In the current working scenario, the role of the line manager is much more than just oversee and delegate staffs; they have to take provocative measure on coaching, team building and achieving targets both social and financial. According to Fred Luthans and his associates (1988) there is a great difference between an effective manager and successful manager. They had researched on 450 managers around the world. The managers who had a good network were considered as more effective in Australia whereas in US the managers who seek information from colleagues and employees- even if its negative and who explains their decisions are considered the most effective (F. Luthans, R. M. Hodgetts and S. A. Rosenkrantz, 1988). Formerly we will try to indentify the work pattern in the emirates organisation and the employees working atmosphere. Then we will try to analyse the pattern to find the areas of improvement, the organisation might be able to adopt. Finally we will try to analyse the effectiveness and changes that might happen by implementing the proposal. Formulation of HR Strategy How do we implement effective line management in organisation? Effective people management Who is a line manager (LM)? What is the relevance of such a position in an organisation? LM are not normally given this title in any of the organisations that employ them. In fact, depending on the business sector, they can be known by a variety of different titles. According to Advisory, Conciliation and Arbitration Service (ACAS) the more common descriptions for line managers are team leader, team manager or supervisor (Business Link, 2010). In general we can say that the role of a LM is a more of a mediator in between the management and employees and helps in maintaining a proper work flow in organisations. Managing the work force of an organisation is the core essence of the smooth running of the business. As the organisation grows in strength of the employees the need for hierarchy and power distribution is vital. Supervisory training and development continues to be a major concern in organisations of all types and sizes. The changes of all kinds necessitate continuous updating of knowledge and skills, as well as changes in attitude (Donald L. Kirkpatrick, 2001). In order to assess the standards and performance of the employees the line manager plays a major role. The HR department conveys the strategic plans to the line manager to get implemented. Emirates group with an employee strength of more than 40,000 and mainly being in the field of aviation and related services have to be diversified into different departments. Each department have been further sub-divided into Managers and normal employees. The managers consist of line managers who are personally responsible for the employees under him/her. Employing more than 100 nationalities they have a huge diversity in work force like the gender, skills, and of more personal traits. Trends of devolution in recent years As per Tyson and Fell, the role of personnel management has evolved from a clerk of work in 1960, 1970s as contract manager and 1980s more like a business manager in 1980s. In the first two years the authority vested in line managers with the branch manager control through personnel and line managers moving to widespread integration. They also said that personnel managers facilitate enabling other management work to occur, whose principal skills lay in their timing of applying techniques, and their ability to sell their services to client line managers/top executives (Renwick. D, 2000) The integration of HRM activities into the Business and corporate strategy is a key element in the business, the integration being the degree to which HRM issues are considered as part of the formulation of the business strategy and development as, the degree to which HRM practices involve and give responsibility to the line manager rather than personnel specialists (Budhwar. P. S., 1998). With the growing trend it can be suggested that a more likely outcome of giving line managers more personnel responsibilities is that the role of the HR specialist will change from that of watchdog of corporate policy and procedures to one of adviser to service managers (Harris. L. et al., 2002). What HR activities get devaluated? The middle level managers are expected to know and perform in perfect co with liaison with the high level management and lower level employees. This naturally results in expecting them to do more than they might be have normally done. For example for a divisional sale manager who is handing a section in an organisation like the Emirate Group, he will be responsible to maintain the sales targets as set his superior manager and maintain the relation with the international clients. These job can be terms us the regular jobs. Apart from these regular job, they will be expected to do several work related to the workforce under him like the maintenance of workforce planning, like to arrange cover for employee who are ill or on holiday, sort the grievances in the work places like the difference in opinions, update the management or the work progress, responsible for safety of the sub-ordinates and help with recruitment process of the HR division. The work force planning includes jobs like the attendance, roaster preparation, leave management, overtime sheet preparation, and timesheet preparation. The jobs like training the sub ordinates and their exit procedures are mostly handled by the line managers. They will also be partly responsible to get the quality surveys from the employees and remind them to do it during delays. The growing demand on the performance of the managers is to do personal training at the time needed. They will have to individually monitor their subordinates on their performances and grade them on the basis of performance and productivity taking into consideration their customer relations skills, analytical skills and risk assessment skills. In finding a need for professional training, they will try to educate them during the regular work hours or send them to more specific training in the training centre offered by the organisation. In the event of an employee not successfully completing an external training, he will be expected to explain and reassign them to a re-training. The benefits and the increments of the subordinates will be assigned to them on the basis of his recommendations after the evaluations. The welfare and safety of the sub-ordinates are mostly considered as the responsibility of the immediate managers in the organisation. With the increased pressure of maintaining a low expenditure for the organisations at times, the managers are devaluated for the incredible amount of jobs they handle and recently we can say that it has become one of the industry norms to go the extra mile. Job Analysis Why devaluated? The centrally developed personnel procedures are considered to be a key means of ensuring managerial consistency in minimising litigation risk while devolving operational HR responsibilities. This system has been considered as one among the most suitable practice in audit of HR professional activity in the public sector. The LM being enforced to take decisions has to be after give adequate training to them to handle such situations. By giving the proper training and raising their awareness the managers will become more aware of legal and organisational impacts of different actions (Harris. L et al., 2002). This will prevent them from acting unethically and also help in maintain a healthy work culture. The increased pressure for line managers tends to make them devaluate some of their responsibilities to supervisors. This creates a pressure and the notion for them that they are doing more than they are supposes to do. According to Brewster and Larsen (2000) there are five main reasons for the devolution of HRM to the line managers. The elements are to reduce costs; to provide a comprehensive approach to HRM; to make the managers more accountable; to speed up the decision making process; and it is an alternative to outsourcing the HM activities. Budhwar recognises the effectiveness of the decisions by the quick implementation due to its complexities and preparing future manager as some additional features of the devolution of HRM. (Budhwar. P. S., 1998). The priorities and motives of the organisations and the approach towards these have evolved through the past decade. Maintaining a low operation cost has become a key element in the agenda. It has become one of the deciding factors of the efficiency of the organisations. The increasingly sophisticated consumers demand higher quality for both commercial and public sector organisations. The success of the long term success should focus more to operate on product and service quality rather than on cost or price alone (CIPD report, 2006). In a study Cleyman, he found that a high rate of grievances were filled in departments characterised by repetitious work, low skilled employees, work that demanded constant attention, generally unpleasant working conditions (Cleyman. K. L, et al. 1995). Implementing the disciplinary and grievance procedures provides a clearer and transparent framework to deal with difficulties which may arise as part of the working relationship from either the employers or employees perspective. It will act as a corrective measure to lead the employees in alignment with the organisational values and help in taking the corrective measures at the earliest (CIPD, 2010). Problems and issues Balance of work and personal time. The work and non-work time of the managers have been blurred creating a sense of over pressure for their profession. The line managers are expected to draw out the responsibilities and over perform more than their contract. The definite line of work timing has become vague over past couple of years. With the introduction of latest technology, like the Blackberry and laptops, having access to company information they are expected to work beyond the normal working hours. In a huge organisation like the Emirates Group, the company never sleeps and the employees work around the clock for the normal functioning of the airport. This again is an inherent nature of the business. Being equipped by the latest gadgets the managers who might be remotely controlling different regions will be contacted round-the- clock by the employees if they have any queries in operations. Thus their effective working hours are extended much more than the actual working hours. This encroaches the personal time of the employees and will cause distress. The practical solution to minimize the effect of this is by empowering the employees with decision making power. They are allowed a degree of flexibility and encouraged to make logical decisions. To support this there can be regular training, seminars and support to improve and update the technical knowledge and ethical behaviour. Todays managers needs to create an ethical healthy climate for his or her employees, where they can do their work productively and confront a minimum degree of ambiguity regarding what constitutes right and wrong behaviours (Stephen P Robbins, Timothy A Judge, 2007). Implementation The Organisational Vision It is our people that make the difference in terms of results, says the Chairman of the Emirates Group, H.H. Sheikh Ahmed Bin Saeed Al-Maktoum (The Emirates Group, 2010). Gary Chapman, President Group Services and Dnata, states Employees are the key to success of any organisation and we here in the Emirates Group know this well. That is why we put such great emphasis on vocational training and development to ensure our people are equipped to do the job well. The recognition of the value of employees and taking steps in insuring their welfare would be a key element in maintaining a optimum and impressive corporate culture. After-all all machines and technology bough by the organisations are brought to life by its employees. Human Resource Business Support teams ensure effective employee relations through professional compliance with policies and procedures, while the Remuneration and Planning team ensures the Group has practices that will enable us to attract and retain a high calibre workforce, across all locations (Emirates Group Careers, 2010). The company equips the staffs with latest technology and manages the recruitment process by consulting with the concerned managers over their short and long term staff requirements. The department also provides expert guidance to manager in the use of assessment tools and in the recruitment decision making process, to ensure alignment with the HR policies and practices and the values and competencies required in all those recruited globally into the group. The line managers should have a clear picture of the organisations vision. The recruitment process We achieve what we do because of our people. We choose them very carefully, and just as important they choose us very carefully (Maurice Flanagan, 2010). In the expansion of the institution, the need for more human resource becomes prominent. The recruitment process begins by finding role and function of the extra personnel. After the acceptance of the application and the primary selection process and categorising the person to the section according to their talent, the line managers of the prospective sections should be involved in selection of the candidate. By adoption of this step it would make the line manager comfortable in analysing the person for how capable he is and how well they will integrate with their team.

The Syndetic And Asyndetic Coordination English Language Essay

The Syndetic And Asyndetic Coordination English Language Essay This chapter is devoted to throwing some light on the theoretical aspects of the research work. The term coordination is central to this study. Nevertheless, derivations of coordination as a branch of linguistic study, how it has been explained and used in other genres will be looked at in order to set-up a conceptual framework that would help to make things clear and lay the foundation for subsequent analysis. 2.1. The Concept in Focus Coordination Haspelmath(2000) defines coordination as syntactic constructions in which two or more units of the same type are combined into larger units and still have the same semantic relations with other surrounding elements (1). Bloomfields similar definition of coordination contrasts it with subordination: Endocentric constructions are of two kinds, co-ordinative (or serial) and subordinative (or attributive). In the former type the resultant phrase belongs to the same form-class as two or more of the constituentsIn subordinative endocentric constructions, the resultant phrase belongs to the same form-class as one of the constituents, which we call the head. (195). Both of these definitions are syntactic, and emphasize the balanced syntactic relationship between coordinated items. In addition, both definitions state that the structure resulting from coordination is of the same type (semantic in Haspelmaths definition, syntactic in Bloomfields) as the coordinated items. Yuasa and sadock in agreement with the observation of Bloomfield further mention 5 criteria that confirms the presence of coordination: Reversibility : changing the order of the conjuncts does not affect the truth conditions. Application of the coordinate structure constraint: the constituents of one clause cannot be questioned separately. No backward anaphora: a pronoun in the first clause cannot co refer with a full NP in the second clause. Multiple conjuncts are possible. All the conjuncts are equally asserted. (87-111.) Halliday and Hasan describe coordination as an intrasentential structural device . However, Halliday and Hasan do acknowledge that sets of sentences similar to coordination do exist especially if they share parallel structure, and view coordination as a structure of the paratactic type (223) Cathrine Fabricius-Hansen and Ramm, W (2005) describe coordination as being used as a means of clause combining and information packaging at discourse level and differs from a sentence sequence by explicitly instructing the reader to keep the two propositions together in discourse processing. For example in establishing a discourse structure, licensing the inference of certain discourse relations to hold between the conjuncts, while blocking others. As a means of constructing (more) complex (clause/VP) constituents from simpler ones of the same syntactic category, coordination can be compared to certain kinds of adjunction, i.e. syntactic subordination. (175-213). Coordination has been viewd by various scholars as processes used by languages to combine units to make other units. Or as a part of the basic efficiency of language through which simple units like phrases and the simple sentence are re-cycled to make longer and perhaps more complex units. Dickens (2009) re-categorizes coordinators as existing in a semantic cline with disjuncts. By this he means a scale of varying levels of coordination: while coordinators such as and establish an equivalent and non-adverbial relationship between two clauses such that neither is subordinate to the other, disjuncts like since establish some degree of indirectness and an adverbial relationship between the clauses (42:1076-1136). 2.3. Types of Coordination Syndetic and asyndetic coordination Haspelmath and Quirk et al define asyndetic and syndetic coordination as Coordinate constructions lacking overt coordinator (asyndetic coordination) or having some overt linking devices such as conjunctions; and, but, or, nor, for, so, yet.(syndetic coordination). a). Slowly and stealthily, he crept towards his victim. And Asyndetic coordination as when the relationship of coordination is not marked overtly; a). Slowly, stealthily, he crept towards his victim. Though there exist a relatively fixed order for subclasses of adjectives in asyndetic coordination, but the order is said to be relatively free when a coordinator is present. 2.4. Asyndetic Coordination Asyndeton Despite its formidable name asyndeton is nothing more than a different way of handling a list or a series,Asyndeton uses no conjunctions and separates the terms of the list with commas. It differs from the conventional treatment of lists and series, which is to use only commas between all items except the last two, these being joined by a conjunction. Asyndeton is linked to asyndetic coordination. Asyndeton produces a hurried rhythm in the sentence. Corbett (1971) cites Aristotles observation that asyndeton was especially appropriate for the conclusion of a discourse, because there, perhaps more than in other places in the discourse, we may want to produce the emotional reaction that can be stirred by, among other means, rhythm, (470). Asyndeton is the instance of conjoining constructions in which there are no coordinators (also referred to as juxtaposition); monosyndeton, in which there is one coordinator; and polysyndeton, in which more than one coordinator is used. 2.5. Syndetic Coordination Polysyndeton Polysyndeton is a way of handling a list or a series. Polysyndeton places a conjunction (and, or) after every term in the list (except, the last). It differs from the conventional treatment of lists and series, which is to use only commas between all items except the last two, these being joined by a conjunction. Polysyndeton is linked to Syndetic coordination , as opposed to Asyndeton which is linked to Asyndetic coordination. Monosyndetic and Bisyndetic Coordination Coordinations may either have a single coordinator (monosyndetic) or two coordinators (bisyndetic). Haspelmath (2000) further proffers some relevant constituency tests for monosyndetic coordination: (i) Intonation: In certain cases, English and forms an intonation group with the following phrase, not with the preceding phrase. (ii) Pauses: In English, it is much more natural to pause before and than after and. (iii) Discontinuous order: In special circumstances, the coordinands may be separated by other material, as when a coordinand is added as an afterthought. In English, the coordinator must be next to the second coordinand (e.g. My uncle will come tomorrow, or my aunt). Not my uncle or will come tomorrow, my aunt. (iv) (Morpho)phonological alternations: When the coordinator or one of the coordinand undergoes (morpho)phonological alternations in the construction, this is evidence that they form a constituent together. (121) 2.6. The Nature of Coordination Contrastive Coordination Conjunction and Disjunction Haspelmath (2000) states that many languages distinguish between normal coordination such as A and B, X or Y, which may also be referred to as conjunction and what might be called contrastive coordination: both A and B, either X or Y. The semantic difference he views is that in contrastive coordination, it is emphasized that each coordinand belongs to the coordination and each of them is considered separately . Hence, it creates opposing notion of meaning inherent in the text because two things cannot be separately similar. And like conjunction, disjunction markers are often polyfunctional . Dickens (2009) states that Disjuncts display some coordinator-like properties, so they are grouped on a continuum with coordinators (1089). Halliday and Hassan see conjunction as a cohesive device that relates sentences. Conjunctive elements they state, are cohesive not in themselves but indirectly, by virture of their specific meanings; they are viewed as not primarily devices for reaching out into the preceding text, but express certain meanings which presuppose the presence of other components in the discourse, as similary described by Bloor and Bloor (1995) . Halliday and Hasan (1976) indicate that conjunctive relations are not tied to any particular sequence in the expression. Nevertheless, amongst the cohesion forming devices within text, conjunction is seen as the least directly identifiable relation. Conjunction acts as a semantic cohesive tie within text in four categories: Additive, adversative, causal and temporal. Additive conjunction acts to structurally coordinate or link by adding to the presupposed item and are signaled through and, also, too, furthermore, additionally, etc. Additive conjunction may also act to negate the presupposed item and is signaled by nor, andnot, either, neither, etc. Adversative conjunctions act to indicate contrary to expectation ( 250) and are signaled by yet, though, only, but, in fact, rather, etc. Causal conjunction expresses result, reason and purpose and is signaled by so, then, for, because. Adversative coordination seems always binary, it must consist of two coordinands, so is described as causal and then is described as temporal. (227) Halliday and Hassan acknowledge that conjunction is derived from coordination, they argue that Conjunction à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ is not simply coordination extended so as to operate between sentences, noting that one difference between coordinate and and conjunctive and is that coordinate and can link any number of items, whereas conjunctive and links pairs of sentences.   They view conjunctions as expressing one or other of a small number of very general relations (238). In the same vein Halliday and Matthiessen (1999) in relation to its cohesive function state that In conjunction, the various logical-semantic relations of expansion that construe clause complex structures à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ are deployed instead as a source of cohesion. They argue that among other resources which construe clauses and clause complexes into longer stretches of discourse without the formality of further grammatical structure are conjunction and lexical cohesion (530-31). Halliday Matthiessen (1999) in extending the notion of language resources as tools of broadening and reaching out into meaning states that: in principle, any particular type of expansion or projection can be interpreted in either way, either as paratactic or hypotactic; but in fact there is some degree of partial association: certain combinations are favored, and others correspondingly disfavored. For example, in English, when one process is construed as a simple restatement of, or addition to another, the two are likely to have equal status; whereas where one is seen as enhancing the other they are usually unequal a means is secondary to what has been achieved by it, a cause is secondary to its effectà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦The second type of expansion consists in extending one process by construing another one as an addition to it (with and as the limiting case); or as an alternative to it, a replacement for it, or as some form of reservation or contrast. Here the grammar typically employs conjunctions, like and, or, but, instead, besidesà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ The third type of expansion is one of enhancing the first process by anoth er one setting up a specific semantic relationship, of which the principal ones are time, cause, condition, concession and means. Here again the grammar deploys a range of different conjunctions, which mark either the enhancing clause (when, because, by, though, if and so on) or the one that is being enhanced (e.g. then at that time, then in that case, so, thus, yet), (520-1). Scott Drellishak (2004) in his thesis: A Survey of Coordination Strategies in the Worlds Languages quotes Gleitman (1965) as viewing conjunction as one of many syntactic processes that serve the purpose of indicating contrast or reducing repetition ; conjoined sentence that does not indicate contrast or reduce repetition is described as not serving any purpose. (268) 2.7. Phrasal Coordination If two expressions have different semantic roles it will not be possible to coordinate them. Although it is sometimes said that the coordinands must belong to the same phrasal category; for instance, (tea) NP or (in a Nigerian Restaurant) PP is said to be ungrammatical because it consists of an NP and a PP. However, coordination of different phrasal categories is often possible when both have the same semantic role. Also in phrasal coordination, the order of conjoined words can be influenced by the tendency for the shorter word to come first and within phrasal coordination, there can be ellipsis of the determiner (Quirk et al:610). 2.8. Clausal Coordination When two or more clauses are coordinated, certain clause constituents are often ellipted from all but one of the clauses. More often than not , the effect of ellipsis is no more than to suggest a closer connection between the content of the clauses but sometimes the effect is to indicate that there is a combined process rather than two separate processes. And and or as clause linkers are restricted to initial position. Coordinated clauses with and and or are sequentially fixed in relation to the previous clause and cannot be transposed without producing ungrammaticality in sentence structure , a clause containing a conjunct may be linked to a preceding clause by one of the coordinating conjunctions (and, or, but) but not all the conjuncts admit each coordinator (Quirk et al:552-553). 2.9. Parataxis in coordination Parataxis is viewd as the grammatical arrangement of equal constituents, clauses in this case. The parataxis is the hallmark of coordination; in most cases, the equality of the clauses is evident both grammatically and semantically; coordination can link constituents at any rank. It creates parallel grammatical structures- structures that are identical in function and usually form as well. 2.10. Symmetric and asymmetric coordination Coordinate constructions are said to have symmetrical properties such that conjuncts are paratactically construed, that a conjunct is not subordinated to another conjunct, that conjuncts have the same syntactic and semantic function ; on the other hand they have asymmetric properties such as command relationship between the first and the second conjuncts. This case is refered to as balanced and unbalanced case of coordination. 2.11. Approaches to Coordination Analysis and Coordination in Different Genres In poetic texts, the study of coordination is quite sparse and limited. For instance Miller (2007) explores biblical Hebrew poetry and the relationship of coordination to verbal gapping is what forms her point of focus. She comes up with the findings that asyndetic coordination is the hallmark of biblical Hebrew poetry and especially early poetry (41-60). Millers corpus contains 123 lines from the book of Isiah. Svetlana Petrova Michael Solf (2008) explore rhetorical relations and verb placement in the early Germanic languages . it presents a diachronic study about the distinction between coordination and subordination in discourse,it focuses on Old High German and on other early Germanic languages. Petrova and Solf consider other kinds of data, mostly from declaratives, in support of the claim that verb placement serves certain discourse functions in early Germanic languages. They come up with the finding that Verb fronting seems to have a clear functional purpose, as it is used to mark episode boundaries in Old High German. The study goes further in identifying some correlations between verb placement and discourse-structuring phenomenon in Old English, Old Saxon, and Old Norse, with similar discourse-structuring functions. A cross -linguistic approach is adopted in the study as opposed to functional approach in analysis. Ash Asudeh and Richard Crouch (2002) examine Coordination and Parallelism in Glue Semantics exploring points of convergence and divergence between approach to coordination and similar Categorial Grammar (CG) approaches. The research discusses parallelism in connection with the Coordinate Structure Constraint. The paper presents an account of the semantics of coordination, framed within the theory of Glue Semantics. The goal of a GLUE derivation as explicated in the study is to consume all the lexical premises to produce a single conclusion; stating the meaning of the sentence. Further asserting that Semantic ambiguity results when there are alternative derivations from the same set of premises. This study shares common interest with the present one as both relates coordination to instances of cohesion. While this study argues for a glue approach to coordination the present study differs on the ground of functional approach of analysis to coordination in poetic texts. David Bell (2007) examines both the frequency and function of SIA (sentence initial and) and SIB (sentence initial but) in academic writing and its importance in understanding language in literary texts. While coordinator and is more frequent in academic prose than but, SIA is much less frequent than SIB. Collected data show a marked difference in the use of SIA and SIB across different genres of academic writing with SIA and SIB being far more prevalent in the humanities journals. Furthermore, the study shows that SIA, when compared with other additive connectives such as moreover, furthermore, in addition, etc., is the most frequently occurring additive marker in academic writing, while SIB is the second most preferred connective after however. With regard to function, the study goes on to argue that both SIA and SIB in academic writing function in three very similar ways: (i) to mark off a discourse unit by indicating the last item on a list; (ii) to indicate the development of an argument; and (iii) to indicate a discontinuity or shift with a previous discourse unit. This is in line with Halliday and Hassans (1975) view as regard the function of SIA and SIB. The study further asserts that whereas the most common function of SIA is that of indicating the last item on a list, the most common use of SIB is in the development of arguments.It argues that SIA and SIB perform special functions than the alternatives of asyndetic or zero coordination, the use of discourse markers that share their broad semantic function: Moreover, furthermore, in addition, and however, respectively, or intrasentential coordination cannot perform. The study proffers that the features allow SIA and SIB to preface a wider range of lexico-grammatical units such as interrogatives, stance adverbs and other discourse connectives and to create a tighter cohesive fit. It comments that it is these special features of cohesion which are held to explain the occurrence of SIA and SIB in academic writing. The focus here is on the use of SIA and SIB in academic discourse, it excluded occurrences of SIA and SIB in academic writing from other modes such as in transcripts of conversations, in quotes from fiction or in poetic texts which is the sole focus of the present research. Halliday and Hasan (1975) on SIA as part of their larger discussion of conjunction as one cohesive device in the larger concept of cohesion describes coordination as an intrasentential structural device while conjunction is seen as a cohesive device that relates sentences. In their examination of conjuncts, SIA is described as signaling an additive relationship between sentences while but is described as an adversative. Halliday and Hasan note that one difference between coordinate and, and conjunctive and, is that coordinate and can link any number of items, whereas conjunctive and links pairs of sentences (235). Halliday and Hasan distinguish a further use of SIA, which they suggest comes closest to its structural function as a coordinator, they call it next in a series' (236). They suggest that another example would be a series of points all contributing to one general argument. In this function, Halliday and Hasan argue that And retains some of the retrospective or retrojective effect, i.e. projecting backwards that and has as a coordinator (236). Here, SIA is viewed as signaling not the last item on a list but rather the continuation of an ongoing list of items. The study explicates that however, apart from the cases cited above where cohesive And operates similarly to coordinator and, the typical context for SIA is one where there is a total, or almost total shift in the participants from one sentence to the next, and yet the two sentences are very definitely part of a text (235). Another common context in narrative fiction for this shift is at the boundary of dialogue and narrative. What have been shown here is that SIA and SIB provide special features of cohesion that alternative forms of coordination do not. Schiffrin (1986, 1987, 2006) examines utterance and turn-initial and in conversation. She argues that and has two roles in talk: An ideational role where it coordinates idea units what she calls a discourse coordinator role, and an interactional or pragmatic or discourse marker role where it continues a speakers action, i.e. marking the speakers upcoming utterance as a continuation of the content and structure of an interaction, and these two functions most often occur simultaneously (1987: 128). As a marker of functionally differentiated idea units, the presence of and signals that the speaker identifies an upcoming unit as structurally coordinated or equivalent to a prior unit. In this way, and can differentiate among other things in narrative, support and position in arguments and explanations, and can also differentiate discourse topics. However, Schiffrin stresses that identifying the nature of these units depends on textual information beyond and itself (1987: 141). In Summary Halliday and Hasan (1976), and Schiffrin (1986, 1987, 2006),see SIA as bracketing discourse units, continuing discourse units, or signaling a shift between discourse units; and what determines the discourse function of these signaled discourse units is constructed by the interaction of the linguistic properties of and with the discourse context in which it occurs. Sotirova (2004), using the works of D.H. Lawrence, has argued that SIA, as well as other connectives, are used by Lawrence to signal perspectival shifts in free indirect style (227). Huttar (2002) has examined the use of both discourse-initial and (DIA) and SIA in poetry. Huttar argues that DIA is often used to establish an imagined context already in progress or imagined prior events from which the present utterance is understood to continue. An extremely common form of DIA is that of a question addressed in response to an implied interlocutors statement and often expressing surprise at the previous implied statement. Cotter (2003) on the other hand examines the use of SIA and SIB in newspapers over a one hundred year period. She used a 100,000-word corpus of newspaper articles a mixture of local and national syndicated articles, general news, and feature articles published between 1900 and 1995. Over this period, she noted an increasing occurrence of SIA/B and concurrent decline in temporal connectives. Among other factors, Cotter argues that these connectives help to create local and global coherence in news narratives, introduce new speakers and ideas, and link a series of short paragraphs. Cotter sees this increasing use of SIA/B as indicative of a historical shift from more text-centered to more reader-centered prose. Dorgeloh (2004) looked at SIA in a corpus of British English made up of LOB (Lancaster-Oslo/Bergen, 1961) and FLOB (Freiburg Lancaster-Oslo/Bergen, 1991). She indicates a decline in the use of SIA in both academic and newspaper writing. From her analysis she concludes that in written Modern English, SIA, where it does occur, marks functional shifts on a more global level of discourse (1777). This research departs from much of the previous studies, by presenting a functional linguistic analysis which was proffered by Halliday et al. Earlier researches often focus on the frequency with which certain linguistic features occur, yet another description focuses on the functions of those features. Functional descriptions of language like the one to be adopted here, are more valuable since they offer some understanding of communicative purpose and, thus, explain the use and frequency of linguistic features.

Racism :: English Literature

Racism Racism, the belief that race accounts for differences in human character or ability and that a particular race is superior to others. All across the world racial discrimination has been a serious problem. In Africa 80% of the population is black and the 20% that are white have all the power, is it not true that all men are created equal? Three stories: Afrika Road, The Prisoner who Wore Glasses, and Why don't you Carve Other Animals, tell about Africa and how racial discrimination is a big problem. A more dramatic story is the movie "The Power of One" about an English boy growing up in Africa and his struggles. In these short stories and in the movie racial conflicts are evident in the form of white against white, white against black, and black against black. Not all white people believed that they were superior to the blacks, this concept made the racist whites turn against other whites. In the movie, PK, the main character, suffers ordeals which no one should ever have to go through simply because he is English. At his boarding school the other kids do not like his presence and they make sure he knows it. Another white kid spits in PK's face and even takes it as far as peeing on him in the bathroom. Sadly enough those weren't even the more serious of the acts of hate shown in the movie. PK gets hung up by his feet and stoned with a slingshot, all this because he is English. In The Prisoner Who Wore Glasses, the only real instance of white against white was when the guard took the prisoners side. Even though he was forced too, the guard took the prisoners side and treated them as equals, going completely against what the other guards believed was right. Other than that there weren't many instances of white against white discrimination in the stories, they were mainly about the conflicts between blacks and whites. Racial conflict between blacks and whites is definitely expressed more in the short stories than in the movie. In Afrika Road, it is said how even though 80% of the population is black, the white people still have the power. This idea is also expressed metaphorically in Why Don't You Carve Other Animals? When it says " The elephant has ruled the forest for a long time, he is older than the forest, but the giraffe extends his neck and struts above the trees, as though the forest belonged to him. He eats the topmost leaves, while the elephant spends the day rolling the mud. Do you not find it interesting?

Essay --

Name of the book - India Grows at Night by Gurucharan Das I haven’t read any of the two Gurucharan’s previous books. Besides, this is the first book I will be reviewing for Developmental economics. The title of the Book only caught my attention for two reasons. First it reminded me of the famous speech by Jawaharlal Nehru â€Å"At the stroke of the midnight hour, when the world sleeps, India will awake to life and freedom.† His speech somewhat depicted the reality as India only started to develop at night. Second, it gave me some sort of insight of what I might come across in this book. It’s more of a statement which leads us towards the realness of our country. He begins the first chapter with the example of Haryana and Gurgaon. The unexpected rise of the neglected and underdeveloped Gurgaon in becoming a â€Å"Millennium City â€Å"and the surrender of a would-be planned city Faridabad, later even struggling to capture up with India’s first wave of modernization. It was discussed how private player s took charge in Gurgaon- which arose without an effective state whilst Faridabad with a proper functioning state, withered. Indian model was discussed – which was different than the rest of the world as India got democracy before capitalism. By the end of this chapter, das speaks about the shortcoming of the state and how to move from the private success and public failure in order to become a successful nation. In the next chapter he talks about the Anna Hazare’s movement and how a weak government was shaken to its core by a strong society. Delay in implementation of projects like POSCO – which had been caught in the web of red tape for 5 years. He also mentioned how 168 projects of Coal India had been awaiting clearance – which led to powe... .... In the last section he concludes by giving suggestions on what should be done and redefines the definition of a Strong state and mention that a state is required to grow - no matter how many inefficiencies it may have, he writes â€Å"a weak state is better than no state at all". This book is a brilliant piece by Gurucharan Das, which talks about India’s impressive economic rise despite the presence or rather the absence of a state. With its narrative approach it is easy for readers to understand. Das takes you on a journey beyond 1900 and gives a glimpse of our past and present in order to understand the lacunae that India is facing. The part I disliked is he stressed a lot more in explaining the relevance of a strong state. But this book attempts to show us a path which could help the state deal with governance shortfall effectively. Nishant Sharma Radio stream

He Says, She Says: A Synthesis Essay -- Essays Papers

He Says, She Says: A Synthesis Communication between men and women is a constant comparison of differing and many times opposite forms of reasoning. But should these differences hinder our ability to communicate with the opposite sex? There are many differing opinions concerning this topic. While trying to understand our differences we have lost site of the fact that somewhere in our conflicting thought patterns and methods of communication is the challenge and intrigue that attracts us to the opposite sex. Rather than seeing our communication diversities as obstacles we should consider them challenges that draw and keep our attention. You do not need to be an expert on human behavior to appreciate gender classified language and its effects on male female relationships, however many experts have attempted to tackle the issue. Deborah Tannen is the author of several books concerning inter-gender relations and addresses the issue of differing reasoning resulting in misunderstanding. Tannen describes differences between male and female communication skills as a series of predetermined thought patterns. She states that men and women simply have a different way of going about communication. She believes that different ways of communicating stem from differing desired results of the conversation at hand. A married couple was in a car when the wife turned to her husband and asked, â€Å"Would you like to stop for a coffee?† â€Å"No, thanks,† he answered truthfully. So they didn’t stop. The result? The wife, who had indeed wanted to stop, became annoyed because she felt her preference had not been considered. The husband, seeing his wife was angry, became frustrate. Why didn’t she just say what she wanted? (Tannen p... ... the office. These anecdotes are entirely anti-female based and sound more like what a paranoid feminist might think than what actually goes through the minds of men and women alike in the workplace. However Josefowitz accurately portrays the inevitable presence of separation of thought patterns between men and women. As much as the problems associated with inter-gender communications are a result of differing ways of expression, so are they results of differing ways of comprehension. So before we point a finger at the opposite sex we must first examine our own. Think not of our communicative troubles as deterrents, but rather as attractions and representations of our exceptional differences. Works Cited - Tannen, Deborah. â€Å"Can’t we Talk?† A Meeting of Minds. - Turner, Robin. â€Å"Male Logic and Woman’s Intuition†. A Meeting of Minds.

Controversial ad

Written Task 2 – A Critical response Advertisements are a specific kind of media which have the aim to sell an idea or a product to the audience they are directed at. Very often, this Idea or product is not sold in a direct way but through the use of a metaphor or another stylistic device. This leaves the reader a lot of room for interpretation about what the Idea behind the advertisement is. Often, depending on the cultural background/context of the reader, the interpretation can be very different.In the ad that will be analyzed in this response, two maln groups might have different Interpretations of the message of he ad. One of these groups is non-religious people, and the other one is religious people. The ad that will be discussed Is a poster or picture by â€Å"Antonio Federicl Gelato Italiano†. The company produced this specific ad, which was then banned for being too offensive. This already shows that there will be a group for which the ad Is too offensive, but for other people who will have a dfferent interpretation it won't.Using the big 5 tools of analysis, will give a quite general Idea of the meaning of the ad, and this idea will be close to the one in the mind of non-religious people, however or a religious audience there will be more to It. To start, one thing that can be looked at is the structure and content of the ad. There is a nun holding a pack of Antonio Federici ice cream and she is wearing quite a lot of make up. Also, there is a priest who seems to be taking his clothes off and has a very muscular body.The priest and the nun are looking at each other in a seductive manner, and the background is dark. It seems like they are in a church. Right next to the nun's hand (holding the Ice cream) there Is a piece of text made of light letters, which stands out, saying â€Å"Submit to temptation†. The main focus in the picture is on the priest's body (since everything around It Is black) and on him and the nun being together in a, what seems to be, sexual way. The tone of the picture is very seductive, because of words such as â€Å"Resist to temptation† and the exposed body of the priest.Also the colour black and the candles of the church in the background add on to this. And the mood that Is created Is very Intriguing and sexual. Clearly the audience of this advertisement does not include children, as one main tool to attract audience in this case is sex. Different interpretation of the ad come In once analysing what the purpose and meaning/theme of it might be. For a nonrellglous group of readers (who are not offended In general by sex as a tool to sell) this ad will be nothing more than another way of using sex and prohibition to sell and attract.A reader who Is not religious will not feel personally offended by seeing religion being associated with sex nor by seeing a main rule of religion being diminished for the purposes of selling. Just as a girl who Is skinny will not feel offended by an ad that makes fun of fat girls. In the case of this ad, a non-religious eader will Interpret It as yet another example of using sex and â€Å"taboos† to sell a 1 OF2 product. I nls Interpretatlon Is Oue to tne cultural DacKgrouna 0T tne reader.A non- religious individual who has not had religion as part of his education, society or as a main part of his life will not consider some aspects of this ad, as it isn't part of her/his life. This is the importance of the context of interpretation of any text, because it will completely change whether the reader will feel personally attacked or directed to when reading the text. In the case of a non-religious group there is nothing more to he interpretation of this text. On the other hand, for a religious audience this ad has an entirely different meaning.In the case of a religious individual, different factors will be considered than those a non-religious group will consider, also due to her/his cultural background. First of all, th is ad openly diminishes religion by associating it with sex and ice cream. On the picture it is clear that there is sexual tension between a priest and a nun, the priest has a muscular body, they are in a church and it's all because of ice cream. Someone who has had religion as part of their education, society or every day life will feel ffended by this, because the ad is diminishing something that is a big part of their life.Also the religious group will feel that religion is being diminished by the words â€Å"Submit to temptation† because it seems that submitting to temptation (engaging in sexual activity as a priest or nun) is being promoted, or not being taken seriously. Secondly, this ad also is not respecting (or again, diminishing) an important rule of some religions: celibacy of priests and nuns. The ad is using it to create a prohibitive mood that together with sex will sell a product. The religious audience will see this as sing something sacred to them for commerc ial purposes.So the interpretation of the religious group will be, that this ad is not only selling ice cream but also diminishing religion and trivializing important religious rules. To conclude, it is clear that the cultural context of an audience will give rise to different interpretations of an ad such as this one, and will sometimes have such a big influence that the ad will be banned. It is always important to consider different possible interpretations of a text because if one group is big enough it will have a significance impact on the way it will be treated. Word count: 996

The Haqqani Network: Terrorists or Insurgents

The definition of act of terrorist act is broad and open to interpretation. Hoffman, in his obligate Inside act of terrorism, suggests that terrorism is the cut into foundation and exploitation of fear through strength or the threat of violence in the pursuit of political change. Schwartz, Dunkel, et al, define terrorism in their Studies in negate & angstrom unit terrorism article entitled act of terrorism An identicalness Theory Perspective, as the deliberate targeting of civilian sites for attacks stilbestroligned to result in destruction of those sites and/or the injury and ending of no(prenominal)combatant civilians. Together, these two perspectives coupled with per give-and-takeal individualism theory and w complainting act as the basis for an evaluation of the Haqqani interlock and their inter familys and interactions with cognize terrorist themes much(prenominal) as the Taliban and al-Qaida as rise up as with Pakistans military and giving medication new sworthiness agencies.The Haqqani Network Who Are They and why do We C atomic number 18? The Haqqani interlocking is an Afghanistanistani and Pakistani meeting of fighters that operates primarily in s come inheastern Afghanistan as a semi-autonomous office of the Taliban with coterminous ties to Pakistans Army and science agencies (Rassler et al. July 14, 2011, p. -2). The Haqqani nets leading mental synthesis is hierarchical in nature with members of the paterfamiliass family filling top leadership portions (Rassler et al. July 14, 2011, p. 7). This familial structure is an important ethnical identity marker that arouse serve to promote terrorist activities. Furthermore, Schwartz, Dunkel, et al address the family as it relates to upholding honor and avenging wrongs strikee to the family. This is interesting because til now those who sympathize and certification terrorism, only when dont rattling participate in it, often share the same train of companionable ide ntity based upon their group affiliations.This tends to show how the Haqqani profits is able to manage its influence over their colleague groups without actually having to be in control of them. It appears to be a symbiotic relationship where the Haqqani meshing clearly benefits from bi-directional credibility of association with the Taliban and al-Qaida. Rassler et al support this claim when they discuss the relationship between senior Haqqani network leaders and their close operational relationships with the Taliban and al-Qaida, revealing that in that celebrate is often no distinction.This dual-lane identity-based continuative legitimizes the Haqqani network with the segment of the Afghan nine that believes in radical Islam and jihad. This was evidenced when the Haqqani network helped sustain al-Qaidas relevance and mark as the leader of the globular jihadist movement. all told in all, it appears the Haqqani network just wants their proverbial place at the table so t o speak. Clearly, it must be working, as true assessments put the strength of the group close to 15,000 fighters. The Haqqani Network Duplicity at WorkAmerican intelligence and military officials claim the Haqqani network is a proxy force used by the Pakistani intelligence service Pakistans Inter-Service Intelligence ISI agency to carry out grisly, high-profile attacks. The indecision here is whether this is a relationship of convenience or an alliance due to divided up identity. The secret relationship with ISI coupled with tie in to al-Qaida and the Taliban clearly shows the need to solicit support (e. g. , material, financial, spiritual, etc. ) and ultimately rally the great deal behind them.Furthermore, for decades, the Haqqani network has been a instruct to Arab, Uzbek, Chechen, Turkish, and Pakistani jihadists. These associations speak to the core of overlap identity and the interactions among the groups, as according to Schwartz, Dunkel, et al social and cultural ide ntity is create when members come together based upon earthy beliefs shared across the group, and individual identity represents individual(prenominal)ly chosen determinations, values, and beliefs coupled with their perspectives of the certainism around them.The study of terrorism necessitates (according to Schwartz, Dunkel, et al) that we non only understand the effects of identity, but also the interactions among these levels. In addition, we need to weigh at the importance of the wider community as Schwartz, Dunkel, et al put it, Without local, and sometimes planetary support, those engaged in terrorist attacks would find it good more difficult, if not impossible, to conduct their activities. running(a) with the Taliban, al-Qaida, and Pakistans ISI is a duplicitous division that provides credibility within, and across, multiple dimensions of jihad (Rassler et al.July 14, 2011, p. 5) establishing the shared identity necessary to imbue respect and connectivity as part of an influential group dynamic. Why is all this important? The Haqqani networks credibility in the region, peculiarly with the tribal groups of Afghanistan, helps extend the Talibans delve and because the Haqqani network is effective militarily, they act as a force multiplier for the Taliban. This puts the Haqqani network in a regional leadership position, and Schwartz, Dunkel, et al suggest that this leadership role would be considered admirable providing further social capital.The Haqqani Network Terrorist Threat or insurgency? So with such a epochal fighting force that is radicalized, is the Haqqani network a terrorist organization pitted against western hemisphereern ideology, or is it simply an insurgency focused on eradicating outsiders who dumbfound forced their way into the Afghani homeland? According to the Office of the Coordinator for Counterterrorism of the plane section of State as of family line 15, 2011, the Haqqani network is not constituteed as a foreign t errorist organization. Despite this, according to the Jamestown Foundation terrorist act Monitor, The U.S. military has long been frustrated by deadly operations carried out against its troop in Afghanistan by Haqqani Network forces. They plagiarize U. S. Defense Secretary Leon Panetta as saying, We cannot have the Haqqanis coming across the border assail our forces and Afghans and disappearing back into a refuge haven in Pakistan. In between the rhetoric, the real reason they arent on the terrorist list is because at that place is a belief that, such a move would scuttle every chances that the group might make heartsease with Afghanistans government. To make our decision, it is essential that we not lose sight of the need to clean evaluate this group from the point of put on of that group and not from the air jacketernized framework we can easily apply to it. Brannan, Esler, and Strindberg, point out that, Scholars insistence that terrorists are somehow not like us but, instead, abnormalinsane, supply hungry, or a combination of twois a classic exercise in out-group stereotypingwhich undermines the analytical utility of the interpretations in use. Applying this to the Haqqani network and to prevent us from being labored by our (Western) cultural boundaries, it is incumbent upon us to look at the Haqqani network from their reward point. The clearest and most-recent message came in September of 2011 when Sirajuddin Haqqani (the son of the groups patriarch, Jalaluddin Haqqani) told The Telegraph in the United Kingdom via a recall interview, There are sincere the great unwashed in the Afghan government who are loyal to the Taliban as they know our goal is the liberation of our homeland from the clutches of occupying forces. With this, their actions, and their relationships, it is presumable that the Haqqani network is interested more in the local issues and having local influence than it is in trying to wage a global jihad against the West. A such , their lack of inclusion body from the list of terrorist organizations is still valid. Bibliography Brannan, David W. , Esler, Philip F. , and Strindberg, N. T. Anders. 2001. Talking to Terrorists Towards an fencesitter Analytical Framework for the Study of knock-down-and-drag-out Substate Activism. Studies In booking & adenine terrorism 24, no. 1 3-24. Goodspeed, Peter. National Post, approximately the Haqqani network. demise circumscribed September 30, 2011. Accessed November 24, 2011. http//news. nationalpost. com/2011/09/30/about-the-haqqani-network Griffin, Emory. A First Look at Communication Theory. juvenile York The McGraw-Hill Companies, 1997. Hoffman, Bruce. Inside terrorism. New York capital of South Carolina University Press, 2006. Mazzetti, Mark, Scott Shane, and Alissa Rubin. New York Times, Brutal Haqqani law-breaking club Bedevils U. S. in Afghanistan. proceed limited September 24, 2011. Accessed November 23, 2011. http//www. nytimes. com/2011/09/25/wor ld/asia/brutal-haqqani-clan-bedevils-united-states-in-afghanistan. hypertext markup language? pagewanted=all.Rassler, Don, and Vahid Brown. The Combating act of terrorism Center at West Point, The Haqqani Nexus and the Evolution of al-Qaida. hold out special July 14, 2011. Accessed November 11, 2011. www. ctc. usma. edu. Shahzad, Faizul. Taliban Reject American Perceptions of the Haqqani-ISI Relationship. Terrorism Monitor. 9. no. 37 (2011) 1-2. http//www. jamestown. org/uploads/media/TM_009_Issue37. pdf (accessed November 10, 2011). Schwartz, S. J. , Dunkel, C. S. , & Waterman, A. S. (2009). Terrorism An identicalness Theory Perspective. Studies in Conflict & Terrorism, 32(6), 540. Websites Referenced http//www. cfr. org http//www. tc. usma. edu http//www. dawn. com http//www. foreignaffairs. com http//www. jamestown. org http//news. nationalpost. com http//www. nytimes. com/ http//www. state. gov http//www. telegraph. co. uk http//www. thedailybeast. com http//tribune. com. pk http//www. understandingwar. org/themenode/haqqani-network 1 . Hoffman, B. (2006). Inside Terrorism (2nd ed. ). New York, NY Columbia University Press. p. 40. 2 . Schwartz, S. J. , Dunkel, C. S. , & Waterman, A. S. (2009). Terrorism An Identity Theory Perspective. Studies in Conflict & Terrorism, 32(6), 537-559. 3 . Ibid (p. 540)Identity theory for our purposes will cover cultural identity, social identity, and personal identity. 4 . Rassler, Don, and Vahid Brown. The Combating Terrorism Center at West Point, The Haqqani Nexus and the Evolution of al-Qaida. Last modified July 14, 2011. Accessed November 12, 2011, www. ctc. usma. edu. 5 . The Haqqani networks patriarch and leader is Jalaluddin Haqqani, although it is reported that he may be in ill health, and his son, Sirajuddin Haqqani, is running the day-to-day operations. http//www. cfr. org/afghanistan/institute-study-war-haqqani-network/p26126 6 .Schwartz, S. J. , Dunkel, C. S. , & Waterman, A. S. (2009). Terrori sm An Identity Theory Perspective. Studies in Conflict & Terrorism, 32(6), 542. 7 . Ibid. 8 . Ibid (p. 548) 9 . Much like the traditional phrase, viciousness by association, I suggest there could be credibility by association. It is fantasy that is often discussed in marketing whereby a person, product, or company gains credibility by associating itself with a larger more accepted person, product, or company (e. g. , a electronic computer with the Intel Inside sticker on it). 10 . Rassler, Don, and Vahid Brown.The Combating Terrorism Center at West Point, The Haqqani Nexus and the Evolution of al-Qaida. Last modified July 14, 2011. Accessed November 12, 2011, www. ctc. usma. edu. (p. 40) 11 . Ibid (p. 43). 12 . http//tribune. com. pk/story/259314/sirajuddin-haqqani-dares-us-to-attack-n-waziristan/ 13 . Mazzetti, Mark, Scott Shane, and Alissa Rubin. New York Times, Brutal Haqqani Crime Clan Bedevils U. S. in Afghanistan. Last modified September 24, 2011. Accessed Novembe r 23, 2011. http//www. nytimes. com/2011/09/25/world/asia/brutal-haqqani-clan-bedevils-united-states-in-afghanistan. html? pagewanted=all. 14 .Hoffman, B. (2006). Inside Terrorism (2nd ed. ). New York, NY Columbia University Press. p. 199. 15 . Goodspeed, Peter. National Post, About the Haqqani network. Last modified September 30, 2011. Accessed November 24, 2011. http//news. nationalpost. com/2011/09/30/about-the-haqqani-network 16 . Schwartz, S. J. , Dunkel, C. S. , & Waterman, A. S. (2009). Terrorism An Identity Theory Perspective. Studies in Conflict & Terrorism, 32(6), 540. 17 . Ibid. 18 . Ibid (p. 548) 19 . Rassler, Don, and Vahid Brown. The Combating Terrorism Center at West Point, The Haqqani Nexus and the Evolution of al-Qaida. Last modified July 14, 2011. Accessed November 12, 2011, www. ctc. usma. edu. (p. 13) 20 . Schwartz, S. J. , Dunkel, C. S. , & Waterman, A. S. (2009). Terrorism An Identity Theory Perspective. Studies in Conflict & Terrorism, 32(6), 550. 21 . The current list of Designated Foreign Terrorist Organizations contains 49 entries, but the Haqqani Network is not virtuoso of them. http//www. state. gov/s/ct/rls/other/des/123085. htm 22 . Faizul Shahzad, Taliban Reject American Perceptions of the Haqqani-ISI Relationship, Terrorism Monitor, 9, no. 37 (2011) 1-2, http//www. jamestown. org/uploads/media/TM_009_Issue37. pdf (accessed November